# Tuning settings for faster firewall performance. These are based on https://sites.google.com/a/exavault.com/evnet/network-information/pfsense-tuning 

# Increase the size of the send/receive buffers for the card. These values are double the default for igb, the default for ix.

hw.igb.rxd="2048"
hw.igb.txd="2048"
hw.ix.rxd="2048"
hw.ix.txd="2048"

# Calomel.org recommends setting this as 2X the hw.igb.txd value (https://calomel.org/freebsd_network_tuning.html). Default is 128

net.link.ifqmaxlen="4096"

# Remove the limit on how many packets can be processed per interrupt. Supposedly before proper msi-x support, constantly processing packets could get itself get interrupted. To reduce the chance of interrupts interrupting interrupts, they set a max work done. msi-x pretty much fixes this, assuming your NIC and motherboard support MSI-x correctly. -1 just tells the NIC to process as many packets as it wants per interrupt, reducing context switching and the number of interrupts.

hw.igb.rx_process_limit="-1"
hw.igb.tx_process_limit="-1"
hw.ix.tx_process_limit="-1"
hw.ix.tx_process_limit="-1"

# Intel recommends setting the interrupt threshold to 0 if you're using the ix driver:  https://downloadmirror.intel.com/14688/eng/readme.txt
hw.intr_storm_threshold=0

# You pretty much always want to turn flow control off. Make sure you do this for each interface (e.g. dev.igb.0, dev.igb.1, etc.) and MAKE SURE YOU DO IT ON THE SWITCH TOO.

dev.igb.0.fc="0"
dev.igb.1.fc="0"

dev.ix.0.fc="0"
dev.ix.1.fc="0"

# This sets the number of network queues per port. According to https://calomel.org/freebsd_network_tuning.html, you want one real CPU core per queue per active network port. So in our case, we've got four real CPU cores and two active network ports, so we'd set this to 2.

hw.igb.num_queues="2"

What I'm confused about is that the guides also talk about changing your tcp buffers, etc. via /etc/sysctl.conf (or System -> Advanced -> Tunables on pfSense). Something like this:

# This is some sort of cache for pf states. You can see max pf states with 'pfctl -sm' and current states with 'pfctl -si'. pfsense seems to be setting the max states to the size of RAM, so we'll keep this cache high, but not nearly that large. Must be a power of 2.

net.pf.states_hashsize=524288
net.pf.source_nodes_hashsize=131072

# Adjust socket buffers. 

# set to at least 16MB for 10GE hosts
kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216
# socket buffers
net.inet.tcp.recvspace=131072
net.inet.tcp.sendspace=131072
net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216
net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216
net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=65536
net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=65536

# maximum incoming and outgoing IPv4 network queue sizes
net.inet.ip.intr_queue_maxlen=2048
net.route.netisr_maxqlen=2048

Do tuning the network socket buffers and whatnot matter for pfSense? My gut is telling me no, because I think those settings are only for connections that are terminated at this box, and pfSense is forwarding 99.9999% of its connections to other hosts. But I'm not sure I understand this well enough to say for sure.

Anybody smarter than me that can help?