Routed IPsec using if_ipsec VTI interfaces

[obrienmd]

OK, patches applied and both are now /32s in ifconfig :)

Still no traffic, will start digging on ipsec logs - P1s are "ESTABLISHED" and P2s show in IPSec/Overview. I'm not an ipsec guru, but I'll let you know what I find.

ipsec --statusall on each box:

#Washington
Status of IKE charon daemon (strongSwan 5.6.2, FreeBSD 11.2-RC1, amd64):
  uptime: 26 hours, since Jun 03 09:49:40 2018
  worker threads: 11 of 16 idle, 5/0/0/0 working, job queue: 0/0/0/0, scheduled: 3
  loaded plugins: charon unbound aes des blowfish rc2 sha2 sha1 md4 md5 random nonce x509 revocation constraints pubkey pkcs1 pkcs7 pkcs8 pkcs12 pgp dnskey sshkey ipseckey pem openssl fips-prf curve25519 xcbc cmac hmac curl attr kernel-pfkey kernel-pfroute resolve socket-default stroke vici updown eap-identity eap-sim eap-md5 eap-mschapv2 eap-dynamic eap-radius eap-tls eap-ttls eap-peap xauth-generic xauth-eap whitelist addrblock counters
Listening IP addresses:
  {all system IPs}
Connections:
        con2:  {washington_wan_ip}...{texas_wan_ip}  IKEv2, dpddelay=10s
        con2:   local:  [{washington_wan_ip}] uses pre-shared key authentication
        con2:   remote: [{texas_wan_ip}] uses pre-shared key authentication
        con2:   child:  192.168.241.1/32|/0 === 192.168.242.1/32|/0 TUNNEL, dpdaction=restart
Security Associations (1 up, 0 connecting):
        con2[8]: ESTABLISHED 114 minutes ago, {washington_wan_ip}[{washington_wan_ip}]...{texas_wan_ip}[{texas_wan_ip}]
        con2[8]: IKEv2 SPIs: 7a626268c7c2243f_i 94e70afd7a796de2_r*, pre-shared key reauthentication in 5 hours
        con2[8]: IKE proposal: AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024
        con2{48}:  INSTALLED, TUNNEL, reqid 3, ESP SPIs: c659a939_i c37c85a6_o
        con2{48}:  AES_GCM_16_256/MODP_2048, 77812 bytes_i, 0 bytes_o, rekeying in 22 minutes
        con2{48}:   192.168.241.1/32|/0 === 192.168.242.1/32|/0

#Texas
Status of IKE charon daemon (strongSwan 5.6.2, FreeBSD 11.2-RC1, amd64):
  uptime: 24 hours, since Jun 03 11:20:24 2018
  worker threads: 11 of 16 idle, 5/0/0/0 working, job queue: 0/0/0/0, scheduled: 4
  loaded plugins: charon unbound aes des blowfish rc2 sha2 sha1 md4 md5 random nonce x509 revocation constraints pubkey pkcs1 pkcs7 pkcs8 pkcs12 pgp dnskey sshkey ipseckey pem openssl fips-prf curve25519 xcbc cmac hmac curl attr kernel-pfkey kernel-pfroute resolve socket-default stroke vici updown eap-identity eap-sim eap-md5 eap-mschapv2 eap-dynamic eap-radius eap-tls eap-ttls eap-peap xauth-generic xauth-eap whitelist addrblock counters
Listening IP addresses:
  {all system IPs}
Connections:
   bypasslan:  %any...%any  IKEv1/2
   bypasslan:   local:  uses public key authentication
   bypasslan:   remote: uses public key authentication
   bypasslan:   child: {local_lan}/24|/0 === {local_lan}/24|/0 PASS
        con1:  {texas_wan_ip}...{washington_wan_ip}  IKEv2, dpddelay=10s
        con1:   local:  [{texas_wan_ip}] uses pre-shared key authentication
        con1:   remote: [{washington_wan_ip}] uses pre-shared key authentication
        con1:   child:  192.168.242.1/32|/0 === 192.168.241.1/32|/0 TUNNEL, dpdaction=restart
Shunted Connections:
   bypasslan:  {local_lan}/24|/0 === {local_lan}/24|/0 PASS
Security Associations (1 up, 0 connecting):
        con1[4]: ESTABLISHED 114 minutes ago,{texas_wan_ip[{texas_wan_ip}]...{washington_wan_ip}[{washington_wan_ip}]
        con1[4]: IKEv2 SPIs: 7a626268c7c2243f_i* 94e70afd7a796de2_r, pre-shared key reauthentication in 5 hours
        con1[4]: IKE proposal: AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA2_256_128/PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256/MODP_1024
        con1{37}:  INSTALLED, TUNNEL, reqid 1, ESP SPIs: c37c85a6_i c659a939_o
        con1{37}:  AES_GCM_16_256/MODP_2048, 0 bytes_i, 235872 bytes_o, rekeying in 23 minutes
        con1{37}:   192.168.242.1/32|/0 === 192.168.241.1/32|/0

[jimp]

Try putting them into a unique common /30, like you would an OpenVPN tunnel network.

If you need to route LAN-to-LAN then setup static routes or try a dynamic routing protocol (OSPF, BGP), though admittedly the routing protocol part has not been tested yet, only static routes.

[obrienmd]

Sure, I'm pretty comfortable with routing, just not the ipsec side. I'll try a shared /30.

Right now, status is very strange. Gateways are showing up (i.e. they can ping each other, and I see that in tcpdump), but when I try to ping from CLI, even using -S (to set source in the same subnet, just in case), I get nothing in reply. Very odd.

States are weird, some are going through enc0, some on the actual int.

Washington:
enc0 icmp 10.91.110.2:8558 <- 10.91.110.1:8558       0:0
ipsec1 icmp 10.91.110.2:10026 -> 10.91.110.1:10026       0:0
ipsec1 icmp 10.91.110.2:33717 -> 10.91.110.1:33717       0:0

Texas:
ipsec1 icmp 10.91.110.1:8558 -> 10.91.110.2:8558       0:0
enc0 icmp 10.91.110.1:33717 <- 10.91.110.2:33717       0:0

[obrienmd]

Eureka - putting them in a shared /30 seems to work. Now to see if all the GRE weirdness in previous uses get me with VTI :)

State matching: https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/4479
Another: GREs sometimes open states before ipsec, then can't "get going" until states are cleared

[jimp]

@obrienmd said in Routed IPsec using if_ipsec VTI interfaces:

Eureka - putting them in a shared /30 seems to work. Now to see if all the GRE weirdness in previous uses get me with VTI :)

State matching: https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/4479

I haven't tested TCP much but it shouldn't have the same issues.

Another: GREs sometimes open states before ipsec, then can't "get going" until states are cleared

That you can solve by putting floating rules outbound on WAN to stop your traffic from leaking and making incorrect states.

[obrienmd]

Thanks for all the help thus far Jim!

This is super exciting - it seems to work great thus far. The floating rules thing was always a little iffy for us (one in 5-6 reboots would get bad states even though non-IKE/ESP traffic was forbidden), though I'm with you in principle.

One last (I hope) weird issue: Firewall-originated traffic targeting anything outside the ipsec tunnel ip of the far firewall goes out the ipsec interface (i.e. route works as expected), but a dump of the far side interface doesn't show the traffic incoming. So:

• From Texas LAN host to Washington firewall - pings, services work
• From Texas LAN host to Washington LAN host - pings, services work
• From Texas firewall to Washington firewall ipsec tunnel IP - pings, services work
• From Texas firewall to Washington firewall LAN IP - pings, services fail (see outbound in tcpdump, not inbound on far side)
• From Texas firewall to Washington LAN host - pings, services fail (see outbound in tcpdump, not inbound on far side)

[jimp]

I'll have to setup a better test to try that out, but I found an issue with the interface numbering/reqids that I need to fix before getting back to that.

[obrienmd]

@jimp yep, I think I'm seeing the reqid issue myself. Every few reboots, I get this complaint and no traffic flows:

Jun 5 08:08:59	charon		12[KNL] received an SADB_ACQUIRE with policy id 2 but no matching policy found
Jun 5 08:08:59	charon		12[KNL] creating acquire job for policy {near_wan_ip}/32|/0 === {far_wan_ip}/32|/0 with reqid {0}
Jun 5 08:08:59	charon		14[CFG] trap not found, unable to acquire reqid 0

[jimp]

If it works at all, it probably isn't the same issue. In my case I'm seeing the interface end up with one number but the reqid in the ipsec config has a different number, so no traffic ever reaches the interface due to the mismatch. That should be an all-or-nothing situation.

If you only have one P1/P2 or even only one P2 per P1 then it should be OK as-is, just by coincidence.

[obrienmd]

When I see those errors, it really doesn't work at all. I have connected P1s and P2s, but traffic isn't flowing at all (not the previous situation two posts up).

[jimp]

I just pushed some changes to how the IPsec interfaces are formed. The numbering of the interfaces has changed, so to be safe you should unassign the interface before upgrading. I'll work on some upgrade code in the morning, but it should hopefully now align better in terms of how strongswan forms the reqid vs how the if_ipsec interfaces want it so everything will line up better. I need to do some more testing, but it should be better.

[obrienmd]

Sweet - I'll test as soon as the snapshots show up and let you know how it goes!

I did notice that the official Netgate boxes I'm working with (SG-2440s mostly) seem to "see" snapshots for 2.4.4 later than the community edition installs I'm also testing with.

[jimp]

The factory snapshots happen on a different schedule than the CE snapshots so they won't ever be exactly the same. Close, but not the same. Also depends on how things get merged back into factory and if there are any conflicts.

[jimp]

Looks like it's better and worse. I can pass traffic between the hosts that failed before, but the gateways are not being generated properly so I need to fix that up, so static routes won't work and so on.

I see the code blocks I didn't update to the new style so I'll fix those up in the morning.

[obrienmd]

Thanks Jim!

[jimp]

OK, I just pushed the updated gateway code and it's working well for me now.

I do, however, see the same behavior you did where the firewall can't reach a routed network on the far side using the ipsec interface address as the source. It does work if I set the source to be the LAN, however.

Using the ipsecX interface address as the source:

: ping -S 10.6.106.1 10.7.0.1
PING 10.7.0.1 (10.7.0.1) from 10.6.106.1: 56 data bytes
^C
--- 10.7.0.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100.0% packet loss

Going LAN to LAN from the firewall:

: ping -S 10.6.0.1 10.7.0.1
PING 10.7.0.1 (10.7.0.1) from 10.6.0.1: 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.7.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.802 ms
64 bytes from 10.7.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.883 ms
64 bytes from 10.7.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.716 ms
^C
--- 10.7.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0.0% packet loss

Routes all look correct, on the source node traffic appears on the ipsecX and enc0 interface but the counters on the child SA do not increase and no ESP leaves, so somehow it isn't making its way to that connection. I'll keep poking at it, but it's not the end of the world since the same situation also didn't work on plain IPsec, though we hoped routed IPsec would be a cure for that.

[jimp]

Since that firewall-to-LAN routing issue is not a flaw in the VTI code that I can see, I've split that off into https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/8551

[obrienmd]

Makes perfect sense to me - as soon as the daily build hits pfSense factory -devel, I'll start testing again!

[jimp]

OK, I think I have that nailed down. Apparently it does not get along with pf route-to directly on the interface. It works fine for LAN traffic but not traffic exiting from the firewall itself. I pushed a fix, should be in snaps soonish.

[obrienmd]

Cool, thanks!

Question - and this might be sacrilege - can I set my Factory boxes to download CE snapshots? I poked around repos but when it looks like just swapping the pfSense.conf one didn't really work out on a test box :)