Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication
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@johnpoz here is an actual network of mine with devices on it.
Notice my rule for dns is any for destination - I don't care where they talk for dns, which could be pfsense IP on this guest network or it might be 8.8.8.8 for example..
But see the order, I allow stuff I want that could be rfc1918 before I block rfc1918. In this case the "this firewall" rule is preventing access to say pfsense wan IP for the gui port or ssh, etc.
Just remember top down, first rule to trigger wins. Walk down your rules on what you want to allow, what you want to block, walking through the rules to see which rule would trigger..
In the case of these rules - I could prob just use wan address vs "this firewall" since what worried about is guest accessing say the public IP of pfsense for gui or ssh, all other IPs of pfsense are rfc1918.
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@johnpoz ok, loosened some back up a little. don't see any default rules for DHCP in protocols so DHCP should still work? I do DNS and DHCP from pfsense.
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@appleguy dhcp is a hidden rule when you enable dhcp on an interface.
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@appleguy said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
@johnpoz ok, loosened some back up a little. don't see any default rules for DHCP in protocols so DHCP should still work? I do DNS and DHCP from pfsense.
@appleguy First three rules just need "CRYPTO addr" not "*" - no need for any in that case, as you'd normally only want them to reach pfSense for DNS and NTP or PING and leave anything other closed.
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@jegr thanks again for all your help! finally got it right! wait, not *? does not mean inverted?
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@johnpoz Is there a way to see the hidden rules? I've never really considered that there would be Firewall rules set up on an interface that we didn't know about. I've wondered from time to time how DHCP works even though traffic is denied.
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@appleguy This is how I have all my ports/VLANs set up by default. Similar to yours but I specify the destination and use external NTP.
It's interesting to go back and see. Nothing's pinging the firewall or using DNS on this VLAN. That's OK. Nothing trying to get into the firewall. Also good. But something is trying to access other local IPs outside of the subnet? What're those cameras up to, I wonder? Glad I've got that block!
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@stewart I like the vlan id in the name! gonna do that too
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@appleguy Makes it so much easier when you do that everywhere, even in the switches. You have full visibility and know right where you are instead of constantly needing to cross reference.
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@stewart said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
there a way to see the hidden rules?
yeah.. here
https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/firewall/pf-ruleset.html#viewing-the-pf-ruleset
While I agree I would love to be able to see all rules in the gui. I think they do it because users can't seem to understand inbound and outbound on an interface or that rules need to be in a specific order, etc etc.. - not specifically directed at you, just a general comment ;)
So if there is a way to keep the user from shooting themselves in the foot so be it.. dhcp can be a complicated protocol with the 2 different ports involved and source IP and broadcast, etc.. So just doing that for the user when they enable dhcp on an interface keeps the why is it not working threads down to be honest ;)
The antilock out rule for example - that would cause some grief for sure if that wasn't there ;)
They should prob setup a auto hidden rule to allow for dns to the interface IP when you have unbound listen on that interface as well ;) same with ntp..
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@johnpoz I'll check that out. Maybe if there were an advanced button that showed the additional rules, or showed the rules and made them so they couldn't delete or modify them. It sticks in the back of my mind that if there could be hidden rules then could there be an exploit in the future that modifies or adds hidden rules and we wouldn't ever know since they don't show in the rule list.
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@stewart Why not just show them like the block rfc and bogons?
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@jarhead The difference I see is that those are things we add in ourselves via the interfaces tab whereas these rules always exist and are automatically created by the system, but that's essentially what I'm suggesting. Just have them show up but limit what we can do with them. If they want to keep them hidden then tuck them behind an advanced button or maybe an expandable section at the bottom of the page.
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@stewart said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
could there be an exploit in the future that modifies or adds hidden rules and we wouldn't ever know since they don't show in the rule list.
While that is not out of the realm possibilities I guess.. if your pfsense was compromised in such a way that they were altering hidden rules.. What stops them from just not showing the rules they create in the first place, even if gui was set to show them ;)
My take, and this is just from a user point of view, and long time one at that is they hide the rules that just keep users from shooting themselves in the foot. Like the dhcp ones, there are some other hidden rules to make sure stuff works in the background - again keeping users from shooting themselves in the foot is my take.
While I agree I would like to see a button or something I could push to show all rules.. Anyone with enough skill to want to actually view the full rules list, and understand what they mean can for sure very easy seem them if they want to with the link I provided above.
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@johnpoz said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
While I agree I would like to see a button or something I could push to show all rules.. Anyone with enough skill to want to actually view the full rules list, and understand what they mean can for sure very easy seem them if they want to with the link I provided above.
I agree with most of John's post.
Just for the record without following the link: Just run a
cat /tmp/rules.debugin either the shell, via SSH or via Diagnostics/Command Prompt to see the full scale loaded ruleset (or uselessinstead ofcatif you're on a real shell/SSH to view it without it scrolling past you).Most that check the content of the file will understand, that displaying the full ruleset could be very confusing to users. E.g. OPNsense has that button to show hidden rules and most comments after they included it were "do I really need those, where can I disable XY, etc. " when try introduced it, not understanding, that those are indeed necessary for normal operations. I'm absolutely pro-button to show them, but I also can 100% understand to hide them / make them invisible to stop tampering. People get extremely creative when things won't work and more times then not I've seen configs tampered with and explained by "things didn't work and the switches didn't to what I wanted so I edited the config..." - yeah, no, that didn't work out either
Cheers
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@johnpoz said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
While that is not out of the realm possibilities I guess.. if your pfsense was compromised in such a way that they were altering hidden rules.. What stops them from just not showing the rules they create in the first place, even if gui was set to show them ;)
That appears to be along the lines of "Why implement this security if it can theoretically be bypassed?" I'd argue that the additional measures are worth it even if it could be bypassed. Maybe the "Button" would just run the 'cat /tmp/rules.debug' and display it in an embedded window.
@johnpoz said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
My take, and this is just from a user point of view, and long time one at that is they hide the rules that just keep users from shooting themselves in the foot. Like the dhcp ones, there are some other hidden rules to make sure stuff works in the background - again keeping users from shooting themselves in the foot is my take.
I guess my next question would be, how does this compare to other vendors? I've not seen rules like these in other products (Cisco, Sonicwall, Fortinet) that I can recall and certainly not in soho devices. Is it normal to have hidden rules like that?
@johnpoz said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
Anyone with enough skill to want to actually view the full rules list, and understand what they mean can for sure very easy seem them if they want to with the link I provided above.
I didn't even think that there would be other rules so I never went out to check to see if there was a process to run to look for them. I would think a great deal many people would be in the same boat which is why I would advocate for some form of visibility on the page. Sure, once we know then we know and can check, but until this thread I had no idea there would be hidden rules so I never would have gone to check for them.
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@stewart said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
I guess my next question would be, how does this compare to other vendors? I've not seen rules like these in other products (Cisco, Sonicwall, Fortinet) that I can recall and certainly not in soho devices. Is it normal to have hidden rules like that?
I managed Checkpoint firewalls for several years, and they have some normally hidden rules on their managed firewalls. They are called "Implied Rules". The Implied Rules are automatically created and allow basic communications to happen between the firewall itself and the remote management server called a SmartCenter server. You can toggle them into view, but normally they are hidden. In Checkpoint land "Explicit Rules" are the ones created by the admin, and these are normally displayed. Although even those can be hidden by the admin if desired in some situations.
I suspect this is not as uncommon as you think. Take a simple SOHO router/firewall box. It for sure would need automatic DHCP rules on the WAN interface or else it could never obtain an IP from your ISP when using DHCP. Those may or may not be visible in their web GUI. Never really messed with such devices much in my career, so I don't recall what they typically display.
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@bmeeks I know if I purchase a Netgear or Asus it doesn't have any rules. We don't use them for commercial clients but I come across them at peoples houses.
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@stewart said in Simplied method of preventing inter-VLAN communication:
@bmeeks I know if I purchase a Netgear or Asus it doesn't have any rules. We don't use them for commercial clients but I come across them at peoples houses.
It may simply not have rules that you can see. Some hidden ones may be created by default. How would DHCP on the WAN port work out of the box otherwise? Same issue pfSense would have without the automatic hidden DHCP rules.
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@bmeeks such devices are maybe default allow.. But any firewall that is default deny out of the box is going to have some default rules out of the box.. Palo's have their own implicit rules, that are not shown out of the box in either the cli or the gui..
There are almost always some required rules to be allowed even a default deny firewall - or how would you even connect to it when you turn it on, etc.
Complete deny all firewall without any rules on it at all would be a pita the ass to get going out of the box, so you would have console in? Setup basic rule to be even able to get to the gui? For dhcp to work, etc.
there would be hidden rules so I never would have gone to check for them.
How did you think dhcp worked without creating of rules on say your vlan you just fired up.. How is the firewall allowed to check for updates and packages then..
The default any any rule on the lan wouldn't even allow for dhcp discover, since discover is going to come from a non lan net source, etc..
The maker is going to put in rules to make sure their product has some basic functionality out of the box, be it you understand that or thought about it is part of the point to be honest.
the comment on that other distro that I will not name having so many people bringing up questions on them, pretty much stresses the point about some rules just make more sense to hide from the typical user..
the dhcp rule is a good one for example - I can promise you many users be asking why isn't dhcp working, they would put in some rules that are either to lenient or not correct can promise you that. Look at the acls in unbound, the default acls it creates out of the box are hidden.. Most users don't have any need for anything other than the default ones, etc and don't even know that there are acls in unbound, etc.
While I agree, it would be nice to be able to see all rules in the gui - but I can also understand the problems that could bring forth.. Its not like hiding the full rules is some state secret. Anyone that looks over the documentation would find the way to view the full rules lists.
