23.1 using more RAM

jimp

As I mentioned above, if the wired usage is from ZFS ARC, you have the option to tune its usage at any time by setting a tunable for vfs.zfs.arc_max to a specific number of bytes (e.g. 268435456 for 256M). On FreeBSD 14 that isn't a loader tunable like it was on older versions, you can change the value live and it is immediately respected.

DefenderLLC

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

As I mentioned above, if the wired usage is from ZFS ARC, you have the option to tune its usage at any time by setting a tunable for vfs.zfs.arc_max to a specific number of bytes (e.g. 268435456 for 256M). On FreeBSD 14 that isn't a loader tunable like it was on older versions, you can change the value live and it is immediately respected.

Mystery solved. Disabling the periodic cron jobs fixed the issue. Thank you for your help, Mr. P!

jimp

Good to know that disabling the unnecessary cron bits helped, but be aware that any process that heavily hits the disk will trigger similar high ARC usage in the future as it tries to cache data.

If you are worried about the wired usage, I still recommend setting a value for vfs.zfs.arc_max to whatever amount of your RAM you feel comfortable with it using. Higher values will result in overall better disk performance, but disk performance isn't usually important for most firewall roles.

keyser

There is definitely an issue with how memory is consumed/released in 23.01

I have been using the tftp package for years to store a image of my Raspberry PI on my pfSense (on a remote site). Ever since 23.01, wired memory grows with about the size of files i transfer to pfSense, and is apparantly not released again (even though I stop and restart the TFTP service).

So it just takes a tftp transfer of 6 Gb to bring my 6100 to 100% memory consumption (2Gb is the normal level). Stopping services does not release it, only a restart does.

I havent tried (and would rather not) deleting my 22.05 boot environment to see if it is a ZFS issue when an older clone exists (from upgrade) of the running "default" environment.

edit: And I cannot see a process or get top to show where the wired memory is used. Everything in top only adds up to about about 1.6Gb of the 2Gb used by standard on my system

keyser

@jimp I tried creating a system tunable called vfs.zfs.arc_max and setting it 256Mb. It has no effect on the 100% wired memory usage (at least not without a reboot).

Also deleting the TFTP transferred file has no effect either (if it was somehow locked and kept in cache because of that).

jimp

@keyser Please start your own thread as that is probably a different issue.

Patch

@jimp in the past users did not need to explicitly control ARC max memory usage as the pfsense default was appropriate. The default is no longer appropriate in the current software version. It is true users could compensate for the degraded pfsense behaviour but surely a better solution is to correct the regression.

jimp

@patch said in 23.1 using more RAM:

@jimp in the past users did not need to explicitly control ARC max memory usage as the pfsense default was appropriate. The default is no longer appropriate in the current software version. It is true users could compensate for the degraded pfsense behaviour but surely a better solution is to correct the regression.

That is demonstrably untrue. If I run the same periodic daily script on 22.05 that triggered high usage on 23.01 the ARC usage went very high on 22.05, too.

Some things did change in FreeBSD but nothing directly related to ARC usage as far as I've been able to determine thus far.

But the past doesn't really matter here, you were always supposed to tune the ZFS ARC size if it matters, it's been in ZFS tuning guides for FreeBSD for many years. That you didn't notice it before was more luck than anything.

keyser

@jimp Since the ARC cache is wired and thus reported as USED and not pageable memory, why does it not figure in any of the memory reporting commands I tried? (top -HaSP, or ps -auxwww)

How do I see how much wired memory the ZFS ARC cache is currently occupying?

jimp

@keyser said in 23.1 using more RAM:

@jimp Since the ARC cache is wired and thus reported as USED and not pageable memory, why does it not figure in any of the memory reporting commands I tried? (top -HaSP, or ps -auxwww)

How do I see how much wired memory the ZFS ARC cache is currently occupying?

It's listed in top on its own rows below the other memory usage. It's included in the wired total as well.

If you want to check the current size directly, you can run sysctl kstat.zfs.misc.arcstats.size.

There is already an open redmine to have that put into graphs and so on.

keyser

@jimp EXCELLENT info... I didn't notice that.

jimp

For those interested in better memory graph reporting, the patch I posted on https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/14011#note-3. It's not committed yet since I need to do more testing and review on its behavior, but it's in good enough shape to try.

Apply the patch and reboot and it will upgrade the memory RRD so it has a better break-down and isn't missing data.

Don't mind that little blip at the start, that is when I was still refining the calculations.

On ZFS, the ARC usage will be graphed under "cache" as is the UFS dirhash. "buffers" is UFS buffers. So on ZFS systems you'll see more cache and on UFS systems you'll see a larger value of buffers and maybe some cache. Depends on the FS activity.

And since cache and buffers are a part of wired, the wired amount is reduced by the size of cache and buffers so it isn't reported double.

DefenderLLC

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

For those interested in better memory graph reporting, the patch I posted on https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/14011#note-3. It's not committed yet since I need to do more testing and review on its behavior, but it's in good enough shape to try.

Apply the patch and reboot and it will upgrade the memory RRD so it has a better break-down and isn't missing data.

Don't mind that little blip at the start, that is when I was still refining the calculations.

On ZFS, the ARC usage will be graphed under "cache" as is the UFS dirhash. "buffers" is UFS buffers. So on ZFS systems you'll see more cache and on UFS systems you'll see a larger value of buffers and maybe some cache. Depends on the FS activity.

And since cache and buffers are a part of wired, the wired amount is reduced by the size of cache and buffers so it isn't reported double.

Does the patch do anything else besides rem'ing out those 3 periodic statements fron the crontab file? If not, then I'm good-to-go. Thanks!

Patch

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

Some things did change in FreeBSD but nothing directly related to ARC usage as far as I've been able to determine thus far.
But the past doesn't really matter here, you were always supposed to tune the ZFS ARC size if it matters, it's been in ZFS tuning guides for FreeBSD for many years. That you didn't notice it before was more luck than anything.

Interesting.
On my system I have

pfsense with zfs file system, which has never used excessive ram
Proxmox hypervisor with zfs file system which gradually builds up to 50% of available ram (the default for Linux) over 24 hours. The inefficient ram usage prevented setting "options zfs zfs_arc_max=2147483648" in /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf
pfsense VM does about 6x more disk writes than all other VM combined

Looking at the ARC memory usage on pfsense, ARC uses only 234MB of the 5GB VM memory

Mem: 81M Active, 281M Inact, 752M Wired, 3782M Free
ARC: 234M Total, 104M MFU, 124M MRU, 33K Anon, 1114K Header, 5272K Other
     94M Compressed, 264M Uncompressed, 2.82:1 Ratio
Swap: 1024M Total, 1024M Free

Looking more closely at the limits set for arc

vfs.zfs.arc_min: 507601920	   (0.473 GB)
vfs.zfs.arc_max: 4060815360	   (3.782 GB)

So @jimp you are correct, FreeBSD 12.3-STABLE does not progressively consume all arc available cache but Linux 5.15.85 does writing similar data.

Looks like I should set vfs.zfs.arc_max to about 512MB.

This is likely to be the case for most pfsense users running the now default zfs file system. Perhaps it should be added to the predefined System Tunables or near the ram disk settings in System -> Advanced -> Miscellaneous

SteveITS

@patch said in 23.1 using more RAM:

should set vfs.zfs.arc_max

Per https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/zfs/#zfs-advanced it's "vfs.zfs.arc.max [with dot] starting with 13.x (_vfs.zfs.arc_max for 12.x)". (and .min not _min)

jimp

@defenderllc said in 23.1 using more RAM:

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

For those interested in better memory graph reporting, the patch I posted on https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/14011#note-3. It's not committed yet since I need to do more testing and review on its behavior, but it's in good enough shape to try.
Does the patch do anything else besides rem'ing out those 3 periodic statements fron the crontab file? If not, then I'm good-to-go. Thanks!

This is a completely different patch than the crontab thing. The one I just posted today adjusts the graphs to be more accurate and use current correct values. Without the patch, the graph is missing several important points of data.

mcury

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

This is a completely different patch than the crontab thing.

Is this patch going to bring more details to the graphs to non ZFS systems?

jimp

@mcury said in 23.1 using more RAM:

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

This is a completely different patch than the crontab thing.

Is this patch going to bring more details to the graphs to non ZFS systems?

Yes, as mentioned in the text of the post above where I mentioned the graph changes, I explained what it will show for ZFS vs UFS.

mcury

@jimp said in 23.1 using more RAM:

I explained what it will show for ZFS vs UFS.

I must have missed that, sorry jimp.
I'll apply this patch then, thank you

Patch

@patch said in 23.1 using more RAM:

Looks like I should set vfs.zfs.arc_max to about 512MB.
This is likely to be the case for most pfsense users running the now default zfs file system. Perhaps it should be added

Created a redmine GUI feature suggestion zfs settings GUI interface