4. Setting up a VLAN part 2

Setting up a VLAN part 2

  • T

    Part 1 is here and it is ugly, but i am linking it as a reference.

    http://forum.pfsense.org/index.php/topic,44488.0.html

    ok, since that thread, i think i need to take a step back and do this in baby steps just to make sure i am doing everything right and not trying to take too much information all at once.

    my pfsense has 3 interfaces, but i only want to use 2 of them (for the purpose of vlans and testing with only a WAN and LAN interface).

    Physical Interfaces:

    re0- WAN
    re2- LAN

    Virtual Interfaces:
    wifi- vlan 100 on re2 (vlan100)

    wifi interface settings:

    type- static
    ip- 10.10.10.1

    Services- DHCP Server

    10.10.10.10-10.10.10.50

    everything else is blank (the dhcp server settings mirror my LAN DHCP server settings and LAN is working w/o any issues, so i left it at that).

    now for the HP vlan switch settings….default state with 5 ports being used on the existing 192.168.1.x network (LAN).

    there is 1 default VLAN in the HP switch

    VLAN Name- Default Vlan
    VLAN 1

    U,U,U,U,U,U,U,U

    thats it.

    now, before i talk about brining in a wifi AP, my goal is to set this up with a spare laptop plugged into port 2 of my HP switch and run that off of VLAN 100 from pfsense. and i should add that port 6 on the HP switch plugs into a 16 port netgear switch (not managed) on my network.  i want all PCs on the netgear switch to run on the 192.168.1.x network as well as the few devices i have in the HP switch taking up spots.  my only open ports in the vlan HP switch are 1,2,6, everything else is in use.

    1, is that possible?
    2, would i set it up as follow:

    Vlan 1 (HP switch)

    TEUUUUUU (port 1 is pfsense re2 interface, port 2 is vlan PC/device).

    Vlan 100 (HP switch)

    TUEEEEEE (port 1 is pfsense re2 interface, port 2 is vlan PC/device).

    i hope whoever attempts to help me isnt lost, if so i can try to break it down.

    EDIT

    does the NIC in the laptop and the netgear switch (running the rest of my network) have to be VLAN ready?

    meaning, even though the ports they are plugged into on the HP switch might be configured to run on on the proper VLAN, does the NIC and switch still need to have VLAN capabilities?

    if that is the case, maybe i have been setting up the HP switch right all along (above) and was lacking the rest of the VLAN equipment.

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  • Netgate Administrator

    That first thread is epic!  ;)

    Yes that is possible but you are using the same interface for tagged and untagged traffic which can cause problems and should be avoided if possible. Why don't you want to use the 3rd interface?

    The switch setup looks correct though I'm not familiar with thosse switches.

    The laptop and unmanaged switch do not have to deal with VLANs at all so will be fine. The VLAN tags are stripped or added at the HP switch port.

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    That first thread is epic!  ;)

    Yes that is possible but you are using the same interface for tagged and untagged traffic which can cause problems and should be avoided if possible. Why don't you want to use the 3rd interface?

    The switch setup looks correct though I'm not familiar with thosse switches.

    The laptop and unmanaged switch do not have to deal with VLANs at all so will be fine. The VLAN tags are stripped or added at the HP switch port.

    Steve

    i'd like to try to get it running with 1 port mainly because i think i can teach myself something doing it on 1 port.

    also, i read about people on here that have multiple vlans (20, 30, 40) and i know while that might not be a common scenario, they still have to be doing it with few (if not one) physical interfaces.

    thoughts?  should i give up on this (i dont like giving up) and focus on opt1?

    is it possible that they are building multiple vlans but keeping it on a opt1/secondary interface (away from the main LAN)?  if so, that would make sense.

    thanks.

    edit- yeah that thread was epic.  i went back and re-read alot of it, setup my switch and pfsense as marcelloc stated in one post (which did make sense to me, yesterday) and i still wasnt having any luck.  i can post it, but it wont matter at this point.

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  • M

    Was the case that you have your LAN in vlan1 and WIFI in VLAN100 and in same interface?
    if so then your settings on switch should be

    
VLAN 1: U N and the rest U
VLAN 100: T U and the rest N

Legend:
U = Untagged
T = Tagged
N = no access or similar
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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    Was the case that you have your LAN in vlan1 and WIFI in VLAN100 and in same interface?
    if so then your settings on switch should be

    
VLAN 1: U N and the rest U
VLAN 100: T U and the rest N

Legend:
U = Untagged
T = Tagged
N = no access or similar

    yes, exactly.

    i will try to set it up like this and report back.

    EDIT- my switch (netgear, not vlan ready) is in port 6 of the vlan switch.  how should i handle that? U for vlan 1 and N for vlan 100?

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  • Netgate Administrator

    You can certainly do this with one interface and run just about as many vlans on it as you want.
    You should avoid tagged and non-tagged traffic if you can but it may well work just fine if you can't. Since you're just experimenting it's not a problem so go for it.
    That said what I would do is put your LAN traffic on a VLAN also so that all your traffic is tagged. The difficulty with doing this that if you get the config wrong you can end up locked out of your box and it quickly becomes frustrating when you keep having to start over.
    Why not setup your extra interface just as a management interface. Make sure you can always get back into the box via that.

    There is some confusion here regarding VLAN1. The is the default VLAN which I believe is actually just untagged? (at least outside of the switch) To avoid this always use high numbers, like VLAN100 you are already using.

    Steve

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  • T

    vlan 1 is just the default vlan of the hp switch.

    i am still getting confused with the tagged/untagged.  everytime i think i have it and try to see if what i get matches up with what is said on here, i am always opposite.

    when i am all done with this, i want my HP vlan switch to be accessible via the IP it has, now, which is 192.168.1.20, i dont need to be able to access it from the vlan network (but that is another question at another time).

    what i am wanting to do/test is to have 1 cable connecting my pfsense and the hp vlan switch and over that 1 cable i want to have 192 and 10 traffic.  then, assuming the hp switch is setup properly, i want to do the following

    port1- pfsense LAN
    port2- test laptop or wifi router (statically assigned 10.10.10.2 for access at a later time) 10.10.10.x network (vlan 100)
    port3- cant use (trunked/bond)
    port4- cant use (trunked/bond)
    port5- connects to a PC i want to keep on the 192.168.1.x network
    port6- connects to my 16 port netgear switch that has additional 192.168.1.x devices
    port7- open (no need for vlan100 access)
    port8- open (no need for vlan100 access)

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  • M

    @tomdlgns:

    @Metu69salemi:

    Was the case that you have your LAN in vlan1 and WIFI in VLAN100 and in same interface?
    if so then your settings on switch should be

    
VLAN 1: U N and the rest U
VLAN 100: T U and the rest N

Legend:
U = Untagged
T = Tagged
N = no access or similar

    yes, exactly.

    i will try to set it up like this and report back.

    EDIT- my switch (netgear, not vlan ready) is in port 6 of the vlan switch.  how should i handle that? U for vlan 1 and N for vlan 100?

    Yes like that, if you have switch which doesn't have vlan capability, then you connect that port like any computer.

    
Port 1: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 tagged <-- best method would be tagged/tagged, but then you should use stephens method
port 2: vlan2 no access, vlan100 untagged
port 3: ? 
port 4: ?
port 5: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 no access
port 6: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 no access
port 7: ?
port 8: ?
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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    @tomdlgns:

    @Metu69salemi:

    Was the case that you have your LAN in vlan1 and WIFI in VLAN100 and in same interface?
    if so then your settings on switch should be

    
VLAN 1: U N and the rest U
VLAN 100: T U and the rest N

Legend:
U = Untagged
T = Tagged
N = no access or similar

    yes, exactly.

    i will try to set it up like this and report back.

    EDIT- my switch (netgear, not vlan ready) is in port 6 of the vlan switch.  how should i handle that? U for vlan 1 and N for vlan 100?

    Yes like that, if you have switch which doesn't have vlan capability, then you connect that port like any computer.

    
Port 1: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 tagged <-- best method would be tagged/tagged, but then you should use stephens method
port 2: vlan2 no access, vlan100 untagged
port 3: ? 
port 4: ?
port 5: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 no access
port 6: vlan1 untagged, vlan100 no access
port 7: ?
port 8: ?

    whoa, where is vlan2 from?

    edit- typo, right? that should say vlan1, i assume.

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  • T

    N for no access is the same as E for Exclude i would imagine.

    my HP uses T, U, E

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  • Netgate Administrator

    Yes N==E.  ;)

    Just take it one step at a time. Varify that each step is doing what you think it should. Most config problems are caused by trying to implement a hundred functions at once and then, when it doesn't work, having no idea which one caused the trouble.

    Steve

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  • M

    You're right it was a typo. And N just meaned that anyway there is no connection between, so it doesn't matter what is the language of your switch

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  • T

    ok, i set it up as posted but still not getting a 10.10.10.x ip on the spare/test laptop (plugged into port 2 on hp switch).

    here is what the switch and pfsense look like

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  • T

    one thing to note, the 192 network is working with this setup.

    when i did this last night, i couldnt get 192 or 10 to work, so i am getting somewhere with the tagging/untagging/excluding.

    i should also note that both yesterday and today (prior to messing with this) the pfsense lan cable re2 plugged in directly to my netgear.

    once i started setting this up, i made sure to unplug re2 from my netgear switch into port 1 of the hp switch (vlan switch) just in case someone thought that wasnt happening.

    thanks

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  • Netgate Administrator

    Hmm, that's not right. Set the participation as Metu69salemi suggetsed earlier.

    
Port      1 2 3 4 5 6
VLAN1     U E * * U U
VLAN100   T U * * E E

    If that doesn't work try:

    
Port      1 2 3 4 5 6
VLAN1     T E * * U U
VLAN100   T U * * E E

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    Hmm, that's not right. Set the participation as Metu69salemi suggetsed earlier.

    
Port      1 2 3 4 5 6
VLAN1     U E * * U U
VLAN100   T U * * E E

    If that doesn't work try:

    
Port      1 2 3 4 5 6
VLAN1     T E * * U U
VLAN100   T U * * E E

    Steve

    ok, the first config doesnt give my laptop an IP, but 192 network can go online

    with the second config…i get no ip to my laptop and 192 network cant go online.

    EDIT- if my pfsense settings look ok, then i can stop looking there.  do you guys want pics of the DHCP server settings?  i set it up the same as 192 DHCP settings, so anything plugged into port 2 of my vlan switch should get an IP address from 10.10.10.x from pfsense.

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  • Netgate Administrator

    Ok stick with the first config then.
    You may as well post your DHCP config, it might help.

    What exactly are you using ports 3 and 4 for?

    Have you added firewall rules for the vlan interface? I assumed you had. DHCP should work anyway.

    The confusing thing here, for me, is that a packet tagged with vlan ID 1 is not the same as an untagged packet.
    It shouldn't be this difficult so something is obviously wrong somewhere!

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    Ok stick with the first config then.
    You may as well post your DHCP config, it might help.

    What exactly are you using ports 3 and 4 for?

    Have you added firewall rules for the vlan interface? I assumed you had. DHCP should work anyway.

    The confusing thing here, for me, is that a packet tagged with vlan ID 1 is not the same as an untagged packet.
    It shouldn't be this difficult so something is obviously wrong somewhere!

    Steve

    ports 3/4 are trunked/bonded to my NAS.  just trying to get the most i can with two cat5 cables.  the nas also has a 'bond' with the two nic ports.

    here is the DHCP screen shot for 10.10.10.x and i have not written any firewall rules, i agree with you in that it should still assign it an IP address.

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  • M

    can you show your rules of wifi interface?

    and still i'd like to use that

    
port:        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
vlan1:       U E U U U U U U
vlan100:     T U E E E E E E

    or then go the later solution(port 1 tagged in both vlans), but you'll have to setup management on other nic and networks in other nic

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  • Netgate Administrator

    This could be the reason the tagged and untagged traffic should not be on the same interface.  ::)
    I have not experienced how problems would show up.

    Steve

    Edit: Reading 'the definitive guide' for inspiration I see that this could be a problem related to the NIC not supporting the increased frame size required by the VLAN tag.
    In particular it mentions that Realtek interfaces may not support it even if they report doing so. Though that is for rl(4) rather than re(4).

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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    can you show your rules of wifi interface?

    and still i'd like to use that

    
port:        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
vlan1:       U E U U U U U U
vlan100:     T U E E E E E E

    or then go the later solution(port 1 tagged in both vlans), but you'll have to setup management on other nic and networks in other nic

    ok, i will take a look at that setup and report back.

    also, unless some default rules were put in place, i didnt create any rules, but i will post a screen of that and add in some common/default rules to see if that does it.

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    This could be the reason the tagged and untagged traffic should not be on the same interface.  ::)
    I have not experienced how problems would show up.

    Steve

    Edit: Reading 'the definitive guide' for inspiration I see that this could be a problem related to the NIC not supporting the increased frame size required by the VLAN tag.
    In particular it mentions that Realtek interfaces may not support it even if they report doing so. Though that is for rl(4) rather than re(4).

    if the above config doesnt work, i am going to stop trying to do it with 1 NIC and will bring in the second nic.

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  • Netgate Administrator

    Here is what I would do:
    Disable trunking/bonding for now, it's just adding a further complication and you can add it back once you figure out VLANs. (what VLANs did you set on the trunk in the switch?)

    Setup the second interface so that you have access to the webgui even if everything on the first interface gets locked out.

    Unassign the first interface so that it's not sending untagged packets. Create a VLAN on it, VLAN100 say, and then try to configure the switch to work with it.

    Add more VLANs once that's working.

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    Here is what I would do:
    Disable trunking/bonding for now, it's just adding a further complication and you can add it back once you figure out VLANs. (what VLANs did you set on the trunk in the switch?)

    Setup the second interface so that you have access to the webgui even if everything on the first interface gets locked out.

    Unassign the first interface so that it's not sending untagged packets. Create a VLAN on it, VLAN100 say, and then try to configure the switch to work with it.

    Add more VLANs once that's working.

    Steve

    everything you mentioned is my problem (tagging/untagging).

    since i get confused, i wont know if i am doing it right.

    not sure how to setup management to be accessible from both vlans?

    also, you can see how the trunk was configured in the pics above.  i dont think there are issues with that, worst case scenario (if i set it up wrong) i wont be able to access my NAS, not critical.

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  • Netgate Administrator

    I meant the second interface on the pfSense box so you don't get locked out of pfSense.

    It looks like you're doing everything right. At this point you have not been able to see any VLAN activity in any way, at an time, yes?
    It seems likely that your pfSense box is not sending VLAN frames for some reason. Could be a config issue, it could be that your NIC is interfering etc.

    Once you are able to access the pfSense gui via a different interface you can safely play with these settings and not get locked out.

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    I meant the second interface on the pfSense box so you don't get locked out of pfSense.

    It looks like you're doing everything right. At this point you have not been able to see any VLAN activity in any way, at an time, yes?
    It seems likely that your pfSense box is not sending VLAN frames for some reason. Could be a config issue, it could be that your NIC is interfering etc.

    Once you are able to access the pfSense gui via a different interface you can safely play with these settings and not get locked out.

    Steve

    gotcha…yeah, i might just give up on trying to do it with 1 nic/1 cable mainly because i forgot about the compatibility issue, even if it is setup right, i might be using a nic card that isnt compatible.

    thanks for the help to all up to this point.

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  • T

    ok, i decided to not try it with 1 NIC….

    i get the second nic setup and assign vlan100 to run on re1.

    i know pfsense sees the NIC because i see it in the GUI.

    my HP sees RE1 because the green LEDs come on and i see it highlight in the hp GUI.

    however, i dont see the link activity LEDs on the NIC turn on.  maybe i have a bad NIC?  i'd have to see if i have another one somewhere.

    anyway....

    how should i be tagging/untagging/excluding ports?

    i tried a few combindations and i still get 169.254 as the IP on my laptop.

    keep in mind, i need to add an additional port to vlan100 on the hp switch because the only port i was using before, port 2 was for testing my laptop, is now being used to connect to the pfsense NIC.

    i decided to use ports 7 and 8 as my vlan100 ports

    ports that should be on vlan 1- 1,2,3/4,5,6 (3/4 is the trunk/bond, but i can easily assign that to a vlan1 via the tag/untagg screen.

    ports that should be on vlan 100- 7,8

    let me take a stab...

    vlan1-    UUUUUUTT
    vlan100- EEEEEEUU

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  • T

    yeah, something is wrong with the nic in the pfsense box (re1).

    i bypassed the hp switch and went directly into my laptop and it goes on….off....on....off....on....off

    however, we can still talk about tagging/untagging for when i do find a another NIC.

    edit- found a good/compatible NIC card.  plugged it in, plugged in m laptop and i have green LEDs, re1, back online.

    now for the u/t/e portion.

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  • T

    or we can start off by trying to get an ip address from 10.10.10.1/24 with my laptop plugged directly into pfsense vlan interface.  might as well try that before bringing in the switch, right?

    EDIT- strange issue…when i enabled the dhcp server for the vlan (while not being able to grab an IP address with my laptop plugged in directly) it seems that my 192.168.1.x dhcp server (seperate interface) cant hand out any new IP addresses.  i had trouble grabbing an IP with a new device and the only change had been the vlan dhcp server (10.10.10.x).  unchecked it, saved, new device instantly got an IP address (192.168.1.x).

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  • M

    i've dropped out what happened, did you setup another nic which is handling two vlans? or did you setup interface only handling one vlan

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  • Netgate Administrator

    @tomdlgns:

    or we can start off by trying to get an ip address from 10.10.10.1/24 with my laptop plugged directly into pfsense vlan interface.  might as well try that before bringing in the switch, right?

    Nope.
    Your laptop will not see the vlan tagged packets at all, it's NIC will just discard them. You need the switch to read in the tagged packets, route them to the correct port and remove the tags so that you laptop see standard untagged packets.

    @tomdlgns:

    EDIT- strange issue…when i enabled the dhcp server for the vlan (while not being able to grab an IP address with my laptop plugged in directly) it seems that my 192.168.1.x dhcp server (seperate interface) cant hand out any new IP addresses.  i had trouble grabbing an IP with a new device and the only change had been the vlan dhcp server (10.10.10.x).  unchecked it, saved, new device instantly got an IP address (192.168.1.x).

    No idea what's happening there, that is strange.

    Steve

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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    i've dropped out what happened, did you setup another nic which is handling two vlans? or did you setup interface only handling one vlan

    yes, i have a second NIC installed with vlan100 and dhcp server is enabled.

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    @tomdlgns:

    or we can start off by trying to get an ip address from 10.10.10.1/24 with my laptop plugged directly into pfsense vlan interface.  might as well try that before bringing in the switch, right?

    Nope.
    Your laptop will not see the vlan tagged packets at all, it's NIC will just discard them. You need the switch to read in the tagged packets, route them to the correct port and remove the tags so that you laptop see standard untagged packets.

    @tomdlgns:

    EDIT- strange issue…when i enabled the dhcp server for the vlan (while not being able to grab an IP address with my laptop plugged in directly) it seems that my 192.168.1.x dhcp server (seperate interface) cant hand out any new IP addresses.  i had trouble grabbing an IP with a new device and the only change had been the vlan dhcp server (10.10.10.x).  unchecked it, saved, new device instantly got an IP address (192.168.1.x).

    No idea what's happening there, that is strange.

    Steve

    ok, makes sense.

    since i was just plugged into my laptop that could be why it wasnt working, i understand that i need to bring the switch in.  i just assumed since the laptop was connected directly to the second nic with vlan100 assigned to it in pfsense, that i would have no need for a switch.  however, it makes perfect sense that i need the vlan switch.

    with all that said, i'd like to get the vlan tagging correct now with two nics

    vlan1 on the hp switch should be ports

    1,2,3,4,5,6

    vlan 100 on the hp switch should be ports

    7,8

    vlan1-    U U U U U U T T
    vlan100- E E E E E E U U

    is that close?

    edit-

    ports 1-6 would be 192.168.1.x network

    ports 7/8 would be 10.10.10.x network
    port 7 is patch cable to vlan100 nic (second NIC) on pfsense box
    port 8 is patch cable to a wifi router with DHCP disabled (pfsense will do that) or a direct laptop.

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  • Netgate Administrator

    VLAN1 is probably going to stop working here because hopefully you will stop sending any untagged packets to the switch from pfSense.

    Configure the switch:

    
port:        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
vlan1:       U U U U U U E E
vlan100:     T E E E E E U U

    Unassign re1 from LAN to stop is sending untagged packets. This will lock you out of the pfSense box if you haven't got access from re2.

    Steve

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  • T

    @stephenw10:

    VLAN1 is probably going to stop working here because hopefully you will stop sending any untagged packets to the switch from pfSense.

    Configure the switch:

    
port:        1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
vlan1:       U U U U U U E E
vlan100:     T E E E E E U U

    Unassign re1 from LAN to stop is sending untagged packets. This will lock you out of the pfSense box if you haven't got access from re2.

    Steve

    vlan 1 is going to stop working?  what does that mean?  i would still like all 192. computers to work.

    by tagging port 1 in vlan100 is that what 'unassing re1 from LAN to stop sending untagged packets' is?

    i will wait for a reply before i set it up that way.

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  • M

    create a new vlan say 10 or something else than 1 or 100
    Use only your current lan interface as management interface and both two vlan's to the same nic where you have vlan currently.
    so your network would be
    nic(lan): 192.168.1.1 /24 for management, you could also use something else subnet area
    vlan10 (on another nic): this would be your current lan, so whatever you like to use, but notice, that this vlan and above management subnet wouldn't work if they have same subnets
    vlan100 (on same nic as vlan10): this would be same as currently

    then add current configs to switch
    vlan10:  T U U U U U E E
    vlan100: T E E E E E U U
    remember to connect port 1 to pfsense

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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    create a new vlan say 10 or something else than 1 or 100
    Use only your current lan interface as management interface and both two vlan's to the same nic where you have vlan currently.
    so your network would be
    nic(lan): 192.168.1.1 /24 for management, you could also use something else subnet area
    vlan10 (on another nic): this would be your current lan, so whatever you like to use, but notice, that this vlan and above management subnet wouldn't work if they have same subnets
    vlan100 (on same nic as vlan10): this would be same as currently

    then add current configs to switch
    vlan10:   T U U U U U E E
    vlan100: T E E E E E U U
    remember to connect port 1 to pfsense

    ok, what does vlan1 look like in the hp switch?

    i think you just confused me more.

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  • M

    in this topology it doesn't exist
    It is only "console" access to the firewall

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  • T

    @Metu69salemi:

    in this topology it doesn't exist
    It is only "console" access to the firewall

    let me rephrase.

    that is ok if it is there and i dont use it, but i will have it in my switch.  after reading the post, it seems as if my switch needs to look like this

    vlan1
    vlan10
    vlan100

    maybe we should start with pfsense, do i have that configured properly?

    re0- WAN
    re1- vlan100 (10.10.10.1) dhcp enabled
    re2- LAN (192.168.1.1) dhcp enabled

    –------------------
    pfsense LAN goes into HP port 1 (vlan?) 192.168.1.x

    pfsense vlan100 goes into HP port 7 (vlan100 on hp switch) 10.10.10.x and port 8 needs to be on vlan100 as well.

    EDIT-

    does the pfsense NIC even need to be a VLAN?  if i am using a seperate NIC, shouldnt i be able to assign it to 10.10.10.x and deal with VLANs in the HP switch to segregate 10 traffic vs 192 traffic?

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  • T

    did you guys give up on me?

    ;D

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As host of the pfSense open source firewall project, Netgate believes in enhancing network connectivity that maintains both security and privacy. We also believe everyone should be able to afford it.

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