Shared Virtual IPs unexpectedly toggling between two CARP members on 2.1.4

andrew4902

What is the best way to run an extended packet capture on an embedded system running from a flash drive?

cmb

How much RAM you have in the system, and how big is the storage medium? You can use a pretty small snap length, but we're still talking 64 bytes per second, and the default RAM disks are pretty small for something like that. Still, if it happens within at most a few days, it should be practical. It might be best to increase the RAM disk size, or might be best to just leave it rw mounted for a few days (not going to hurt anything) capturing to the flash.

andrew4902

I have 4 GB of RAM and a 4 GB flash drive (but am using the 2 GB image).

andrew4902

cmb, you were correct. I ran tcpdump on the WAN NIC of the backup and it appears to drop for a couple seconds every now and then:

09:25:01.549258 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:25:02.555175 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:25:05.960868 IP <backup ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 100, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:25:06.146762 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36

09:41:14.115512 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:41:15.895334 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:41:19.300492 IP <backup ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 100, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
09:41:19.315849 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36</master></backup></master></master></master></backup></master></master>

I'm now going to start a corresponding tcpdump on the master's WAN link too as a cross reference to see if the packets are being sent. I find it hard to believe that packets are being lost between the master and backup because they are connected to an enterprise chassis/switch on an isolated VLAN. My suspicion at this point is that the master is getting too busy and is either delaying or occasionally not sending the packets but the tcpdump should show that.

cmb

This is simple enough that yeah, if you can leave a SSH session up running tcpdump like that, that'll suffice. Then you're not chewing up any RAM or storage space.

It's definitely that either the primary stops sending it, or it disappears after leaving the primary. Don't be so quick to write off switches as the possible cause, when we hit these scenarios with support customers, it's something outside the firewall more often than not. Even "enterprise" switches have issues with multicast from time to time.

Though if you can trigger it simply by running a speed test, I'd guess it's not likely the network. That would also be the most touchy scenario, by far, I'd ever heard of where load caused missed CARP advertisements. The only scenarios of those I've seen is where a huge flood of new connections (relative to the CPU of the hardware) comes in over a very short period of time and briefly overwhelms the system. The first one I can recall seeing in the real world was a number of years ago, someone with an ALIX in their colocation rack, with a mail server trying to blast out tens of thousands of connections in less than 1 second. It actually handled it quite nicely considering that's a slow Geode 500 MHz CPU typically suited for SOHO networks, not colo. It passed most of the traffic, but caused it to miss a couple advertisements, just enough to trigger failover. DDoS attacks among the more common scenarios. Anything that creates a significant flood of new connections in a short period.

andrew4902

It took a few days to observer a fail-over but 3 occurred over the course of less than one minute. I was running TCPDUMP on the master and it shows that the master stopped sending the advertisements and even observed the secondary sending out the advertisement during the missed interval:

08:35:31.338307 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:35:32.839573 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:35:36.249499 IP <backup ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 100, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:35:36.425591 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:35:37.430875 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36

08:35:56.525097 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:35:57.529976 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:36:00.936304 IP <backup ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 100, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:36:01.073325 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36
08:36:02.442006 IP <master ip="">> 224.0.0.18: VRRPv2, Advertisement, vrid 1, prio 0, authtype none, intvl 1s, length 36</master></master></backup></master></master></master></master></backup></master></master>

What is your suggestion on what I should try next to isolate why the advertisements are occasionally not being sent?

cmb

What does the output of the following commands show?

netstat -m 
sysctl dev.em

What are the details of your hardware?

Can you still reliably trigger it just running a speed test? That indicates a much bigger issue. I'm guessing it's nowhere near that simple. It's likely a large flood of something in a very short period that's overwhelming the system.

andrew4902

netstat -m

3518/3397/6915 mbufs in use (current/cache/total)
3103/3355/6458/131072 mbuf clusters in use (current/cache/total/max)
3101/2147 mbuf+clusters out of packet secondary zone in use (current/cache)
0/44/44/65536 4k (page size) jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max)
0/0/0/32768 9k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max)
0/0/0/16384 16k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max)
7097K/7735K/14832K bytes allocated to network (current/cache/total)
0/0/0 requests for mbufs denied (mbufs/clusters/mbuf+clusters)
0/0/0 requests for jumbo clusters denied (4k/9k/16k)
0/0/0 sfbufs in use (current/peak/max)
0 requests for sfbufs denied
0 requests for sfbufs delayed
0 requests for I/O initiated by sendfile
0 calls to protocol drain routines

sysctl dev.em (em0=CARP; em1=LAN; em2=WAN)

dev.em.0.%desc: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.3.8
dev.em.0.%driver: em
dev.em.0.%location: slot=0 function=0
dev.em.0.%pnpinfo: vendor=0x8086 device=0x10d3 subvendor=0x8086 subdevice=0xa01f class=0x020000
dev.em.0.%parent: pci1
dev.em.0.nvm: -1
dev.em.0.debug: -1
dev.em.0.fc: 3
dev.em.0.rx_int_delay: 0
dev.em.0.tx_int_delay: 66
dev.em.0.rx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.0.tx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.0.itr: 488
dev.em.0.rx_processing_limit: 100
dev.em.0.eee_control: 1
dev.em.0.link_irq: 2
dev.em.0.mbuf_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.0.cluster_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.0.dropped: 0
dev.em.0.tx_dma_fail: 0
dev.em.0.rx_overruns: 0
dev.em.0.watchdog_timeouts: 0
dev.em.0.device_control: 1477444168
dev.em.0.rx_control: 67141634
dev.em.0.fc_high_water: 18432
dev.em.0.fc_low_water: 16932
dev.em.0.queue0.txd_head: 866
dev.em.0.queue0.txd_tail: 866
dev.em.0.queue0.tx_irq: 593181766
dev.em.0.queue0.no_desc_avail: 0
dev.em.0.queue0.rxd_head: 519
dev.em.0.queue0.rxd_tail: 518
dev.em.0.queue0.rx_irq: 2718514
dev.em.0.mac_stats.excess_coll: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.single_coll: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.multiple_coll: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.late_coll: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.collision_count: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.symbol_errors: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.sequence_errors: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.defer_count: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.missed_packets: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_no_buff: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_undersize: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_fragmented: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_oversize: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_jabber: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.recv_errs: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.crc_errs: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.alignment_errs: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.coll_ext_errs: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.xon_recvd: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.xon_txd: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.xoff_recvd: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.xoff_txd: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.total_pkts_recvd: 2948615
dev.em.0.mac_stats.good_pkts_recvd: 2948615
dev.em.0.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_recvd: 1027
dev.em.0.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_recvd: 2419003
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_64: 1835
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_65_127: 660675
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_128_255: 253676
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_256_511: 1256024
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_512_1023: 774274
dev.em.0.mac_stats.rx_frames_1024_1522: 2131
dev.em.0.mac_stats.good_octets_recvd: 1050155434
dev.em.0.mac_stats.good_octets_txd: 399584285100
dev.em.0.mac_stats.total_pkts_txd: 716385169
dev.em.0.mac_stats.good_pkts_txd: 716385169
dev.em.0.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_txd: 809
dev.em.0.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_txd: 716038095
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_64: 1842
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_65_127: 1445429
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_128_255: 42164509
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_256_511: 23937085
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_512_1023: 646458006
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tx_frames_1024_1522: 2378298
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tso_txd: 0
dev.em.0.mac_stats.tso_ctx_fail: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.asserts: 6
dev.em.0.interrupts.rx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.rx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.tx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.tx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.tx_queue_empty: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.tx_queue_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.rx_desc_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.0.interrupts.rx_overrun: 0
dev.em.1.%desc: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.3.8
dev.em.1.%driver: em
dev.em.1.%location: slot=0 function=0
dev.em.1.%pnpinfo: vendor=0x8086 device=0x10d3 subvendor=0x15d9 subdevice=0x10d3 class=0x020000
dev.em.1.%parent: pci2
dev.em.1.nvm: -1
dev.em.1.debug: -1
dev.em.1.fc: 3
dev.em.1.rx_int_delay: 0
dev.em.1.tx_int_delay: 66
dev.em.1.rx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.1.tx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.1.itr: 488
dev.em.1.rx_processing_limit: 100
dev.em.1.eee_control: 1
dev.em.1.link_irq: 2
dev.em.1.mbuf_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.1.cluster_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.1.dropped: 0
dev.em.1.tx_dma_fail: 0
dev.em.1.rx_overruns: 0
dev.em.1.watchdog_timeouts: 0
dev.em.1.device_control: 1477444168
dev.em.1.rx_control: 67141658
dev.em.1.fc_high_water: 18432
dev.em.1.fc_low_water: 16932
dev.em.1.queue0.txd_head: 457
dev.em.1.queue0.txd_tail: 458
dev.em.1.queue0.tx_irq: 1022512833
dev.em.1.queue0.no_desc_avail: 0
dev.em.1.queue0.rxd_head: 569
dev.em.1.queue0.rxd_tail: 568
dev.em.1.queue0.rx_irq: 933448236
dev.em.1.mac_stats.excess_coll: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.single_coll: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.multiple_coll: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.late_coll: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.collision_count: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.symbol_errors: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.sequence_errors: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.defer_count: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.missed_packets: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_no_buff: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_undersize: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_fragmented: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_oversize: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_jabber: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.recv_errs: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.crc_errs: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.alignment_errs: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.coll_ext_errs: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.xon_recvd: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.xon_txd: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.xoff_recvd: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.xoff_txd: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.total_pkts_recvd: 1450193674
dev.em.1.mac_stats.good_pkts_recvd: 1450193674
dev.em.1.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_recvd: 445039
dev.em.1.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_recvd: 245975
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_64: 609064255
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_65_127: 558214789
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_128_255: 67510817
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_256_511: 45074357
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_512_1023: 44033937
dev.em.1.mac_stats.rx_frames_1024_1522: 126295519
dev.em.1.mac_stats.good_octets_recvd: 328237439148
dev.em.1.mac_stats.good_octets_txd: 3663318740841
dev.em.1.mac_stats.total_pkts_txd: 2978929548
dev.em.1.mac_stats.good_pkts_txd: 2978929548
dev.em.1.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_txd: 1323749
dev.em.1.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_txd: 1457541
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_64: 182908152
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_65_127: 230925677
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_128_255: 72079980
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_256_511: 66991884
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_512_1023: 53886025
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tx_frames_1024_1522: 2372137830
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tso_txd: 0
dev.em.1.mac_stats.tso_ctx_fail: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.asserts: 12
dev.em.1.interrupts.rx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.rx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.tx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.tx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.tx_queue_empty: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.tx_queue_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.rx_desc_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.1.interrupts.rx_overrun: 0
dev.em.2.%desc: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.3.8
dev.em.2.%driver: em
dev.em.2.%location: slot=0 function=0
dev.em.2.%pnpinfo: vendor=0x8086 device=0x10d3 subvendor=0x15d9 subdevice=0x10d3 class=0x020000
dev.em.2.%parent: pci3
dev.em.2.nvm: -1
dev.em.2.debug: -1
dev.em.2.fc: 3
dev.em.2.rx_int_delay: 0
dev.em.2.tx_int_delay: 66
dev.em.2.rx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.2.tx_abs_int_delay: 66
dev.em.2.itr: 488
dev.em.2.rx_processing_limit: 100
dev.em.2.eee_control: 1
dev.em.2.link_irq: 163
dev.em.2.mbuf_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.2.cluster_alloc_fail: 0
dev.em.2.dropped: 0
dev.em.2.tx_dma_fail: 0
dev.em.2.rx_overruns: 0
dev.em.2.watchdog_timeouts: 0
dev.em.2.device_control: 1477444168
dev.em.2.rx_control: 67141658
dev.em.2.fc_high_water: 18432
dev.em.2.fc_low_water: 16932
dev.em.2.queue0.txd_head: 521
dev.em.2.queue0.txd_tail: 521
dev.em.2.queue0.tx_irq: 939338710
dev.em.2.queue0.no_desc_avail: 0
dev.em.2.queue0.rxd_head: 855
dev.em.2.queue0.rxd_tail: 854
dev.em.2.queue0.rx_irq: 1045050498
dev.em.2.mac_stats.excess_coll: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.single_coll: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.multiple_coll: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.late_coll: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.collision_count: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.symbol_errors: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.sequence_errors: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.defer_count: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.missed_packets: 35387
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_no_buff: 90348
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_undersize: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_fragmented: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_oversize: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_jabber: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.recv_errs: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.crc_errs: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.alignment_errs: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.coll_ext_errs: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.xon_recvd: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.xon_txd: 977
dev.em.2.mac_stats.xoff_recvd: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.xoff_txd: 36364
dev.em.2.mac_stats.total_pkts_recvd: 2980884602
dev.em.2.mac_stats.good_pkts_recvd: 2980849215
dev.em.2.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_recvd: 9368
dev.em.2.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_recvd: 19793
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_64: 184179981
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_65_127: 231989906
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_128_255: 71730839
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_256_511: 67062833
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_512_1023: 53745746
dev.em.2.mac_stats.rx_frames_1024_1522: 2372139910
dev.em.2.mac_stats.good_octets_recvd: 3663366600056
dev.em.2.mac_stats.good_octets_txd: 328053006710
dev.em.2.mac_stats.total_pkts_txd: 1448672306
dev.em.2.mac_stats.good_pkts_txd: 1448634965
dev.em.2.mac_stats.bcast_pkts_txd: 33
dev.em.2.mac_stats.mcast_pkts_txd: 1264249
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_64: 607631228
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_65_127: 558298218
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_128_255: 67492396
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_256_511: 45024710
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_512_1023: 43894730
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tx_frames_1024_1522: 126293683
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tso_txd: 0
dev.em.2.mac_stats.tso_ctx_fail: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.asserts: 167
dev.em.2.interrupts.rx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.rx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.tx_pkt_timer: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.tx_abs_timer: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.tx_queue_empty: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.tx_queue_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.rx_desc_min_thresh: 0
dev.em.2.interrupts.rx_overrun: 0

Stats on the firewalls' hardware are as follows:

Intel Atom D525 dual core 1.80GHz (HT disabled)
RAM 4GB DDR3
Motherboard SuperMicro MBD-X7SPE-HF-D525-O
dual Intel 82574L 1Gbps on-board NICs
Intel 1Gbps PCIe NIC for CARP

I can no longer trigger the issue by running a mere speed test. However, I have made these tweaks in an attempt to improve performance so maybe they are helping a bit but not completely solving the problem:

disabled hyperthreading in BIOS
net.inet.ip.fastforwarding=1
kern.ipc.nmbclusters="131072"
hw.em.num_queues=1

cmb

Upping nmbclusters is likely what made things better in general, prior to that it didn't have enough resources. Now it's likely an occasional short, large burst of traffic. Upping the advskew to make it less sensitive to scenarios like that is maybe the best bet, short of a faster system.

andrew4902

To prove your theory, what would be the best command(s) I could execute every second to a log file to monitor the resources that you believe are being exhausted?

Are there guidelines as to what type of specs are required to route a 500Mbps-1Gbps link? I thought I was purchasing something adequate to do routing, minimal firewalling and no NATing. Next time I want to know for sure that I'll have enough power. :)

andrew4902

What command in FreeBSD can I use to print out the number of concurrent connections so that I can start a log file and see if the number of connections coincide with dropped advertisements? In Linux it appears this data is in /proc/net/tcp but that file doesn't exist in pfSense. Is there an equivalent?

andrew4902

I believe the issue may be due to interrupts. From watching top (top -P CC), I see that the interrupts are only hitting one CPU. Is there a way to balance that load across both CPU's?


last pid: 79130;  load averages:  0.33,  0.22,  0.15                                                            up 85+19:36:44  13:05:01
38 processes:  1 running, 37 sleeping
CPU 0:  0.0% user,  0.0% nice,  0.0% system, 54.3% interrupt, 45.7% idle
CPU 1:  0.0% user,  0.0% nice,  1.1% system,  0.0% interrupt, 98.9% idle
Mem: 84M Active, 32M Inact, 281M Wired, 1336K Cache, 91M Buf, 3524M Free