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    Useful 3G modem 'mode switching' script

    General pfSense Questions
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    • J
      jamesc last edited by

      Hi all,

      One of the problems associated with 3G dongles and pfSense is that pfSense detects the device as a CD/flash drive and not a modem.

      For this reason, these devices need to be switched before they can be used, I believe u3g is the driver that takes care of this in FreeBSD but only a limited number of devices are supported.

      usb_modeswitch is the other method that can be used and a FreeBSD port for this has been recently made available:

      http://www.freshports.org/sysutils/usb_modeswitch/

      However, I came across this script which takes care of everything, it just needs a little modification to make it work with pfSense.  Basically, the script just needs to carry out the 'mode switch' and let pfSense handle the ppp dialing.

      http://sakis.tel4u.gr/blog/sakis3g/#networks

      The script can be downloaded here:

      http://www.sakis3g.org/versions/latest/i386/sakis3g.gz

      This is way beyond my level of skill so would anyone be willing to take a look?  :)

      Cheers,

      James

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      • stephenw10
        stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

        @jamesc:

        a FreeBSD port for this has been recently made available:

        http://www.freshports.org/sysutils/usb_modeswitch/

        That's pretty exciting news, that could make a lot more modems usable.

        What version of FreeBSD is it available for?

        Steve

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        • J
          jamesc last edited by

          FreeBSD 8.2, i've successfully installed it on pfSense 2.0.1

          Now I just need to make it do something useful!

          One of the pre-req's is having libusb, I think (but not sure) pfSense already comes with this?

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          • stephenw10
            stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

            Almost certainly.
            If you've installed it that's great news.
            Does it have a problem with u3g also running?

            Often some libraries might have changed between 8.1 current sufficiently for stuff not to work.

            Direct link to the pkg from 8-stable:```

            ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-8-stable/Latest/usb_modeswitch.tbz

            
            Steve
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            • J
              jamesc last edited by

              Nope, it doesn't complain about u3g.  The usb_modeswitch command works without any errors.

              But how do you stop pfSense from using u3g when it attempts to bring up a modem that requires switching.  For example, I have a ZTE dongle sat here and when I plug it in, u3g tries to do it's thing but it can't because it sees it as a storage device.  I'm guessing when usb_modeswitch is configured with the relevant data package, this will intervene?

              I could really do with some help getting the data package on to pfSense to do a bit more testing but there isn't much documentation available and i'm a bit of a noob when it comes to FreeBSD!

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              • stephenw10
                stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                Is it a problem that u3g tries and fails? Usually it won't try anything on a modem it doesn't recognise.
                I'm unfamiliar with usb_modeswitch, though I have used it unwittingly with Unbuntu where it just worked.
                The data package instructs it how to handle a modem right?

                I would guess you just need to upload it and tell usb_modeswitch where to look for it.
                What version of pfSense are you running? (full, embedded, nano)

                What OS are you uploading from?

                Steve

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                • J
                  jamesc last edited by

                  The modem is recognised, i.e the console tells me its a ZTE but its not usable in pfSense.

                  Yes, the data package contains all the vendor id's and device id's.

                  Usb modeswitch then knows what to do with the device, i.e switch it to modem mode.

                  Im using pfSense 2.0.1 full.

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                  • stephenw10
                    stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                    Presumably the data packets are cross platform and one already exists for your modem?

                    You can upload files to pfSense easily enough. Either via the webGUI Diagnostics: Command Prompt: Upload
                    or using sftp/scp. I use WinSCP from Windows. If you use the web upload it will end up in /tmp which will be lost on reboot so you'll have to move the file afterwards. Also I have found that very small files sometimes refuse to upload via the webGUI.

                    For testing you can tell usb_modeswitch where to find the file:

                    
                    /usr/share/usb_modeswitch -c /tmp/your_modem.txt
                    
                    

                    Assuming  usb_modeswitch installs there in FreeBSD since the instructions are all for Linux.

                    Steve

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                    • J
                      jamesc last edited by

                      Ah, i probably didnt explain it well. I dont have a problem downloading the package onto pfSense (i use fetch to download it directly before extracting it). The problem is there are a number of components in the package and I dont know where in FreeBSD/pfSense these files need to reside.

                      As you said, the data package is intended for Linux.

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                      • stephenw10
                        stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                        You have a link to the package?

                        Steve

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                        • J
                          jamesc last edited by

                          http://www.draisberghof.de/usb_modeswitch/usb-modeswitch-data-20120120.tar.bz2

                          1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                          • stephenw10
                            stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                            Ah OK, that is a collection of data for all supported modems rather than something specific to yours.
                            Does that not get installed with the port anyway?
                            I'm going to have to do some reading/testing…..

                            Steve

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                            • stephenw10
                              stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                              Hmm OK so it looks like under Linux usb_modeswitch ties into the usb subsystem and will automatically recognise devices as they are plugged in and switch them. FreeBSD has a completely different system so none of the automatic part is included in the port.

                              In FreeBSD you will have to call it manually either with the required parameters in the command line or pointing at a file that contains them.
                              That's not a problem we can easily make the script run at boot time.

                              So what is your modem? Specifically what are the VID and PID?

                              Steve

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                              • J
                                jamesc last edited by

                                That doesnt sound too painful, the script would need to be called at startup before pfSense did its ppp dial.

                                My modem is a ZTE 636, i also have a Huawei E220 and vodafone K3565 for further testing. Im away til Sunday so dont have access to my test environment but im still checking the forum via my iPhone :-)

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                                • stephenw10
                                  stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                  Ok, to confirm we really need the VID and PID but according to the device_reference.txt:

                                  ZTE MF622 (aka "Onda MDC502HS")

                                  ZTE MF626

                                  ZTE MF628+ (tested version from Telia / Sweden)

                                  ZTE MF633

                                  ZTE MF636 (aka "Telstra / BigPond 7.2 Mobile Card")

                                  ZTE MF637

                                  and probably others not listed here

                                  Contributor: Joakim Wennergren and others

                                  DefaultVendor=  0x19d2
                                  DefaultProduct= 0x2000

                                  TargetVendor=  0x19d2
                                  TargetProduct=  0x0031

                                  MessageContent="5553424312345678000000000000061e000000000000000000000000000000"
                                  MessageContent2="5553424312345679000000000000061b000000020000000000000000000000"

                                  NeedResponse=1

                                  It says to not use the reference file directly, perhaps because it's quite large, so create a new file with the above lines in. Hope!  ;)

                                  Steve

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                                  • J
                                    jamesc last edited by

                                    Cheers Steve, it kinda makes sense now!  Were you able to find more documentation on the port, i.e you mentioned that a manual approach is required for FreeBSD, did you read this somewhere or is this from your own knowledge?

                                    I'll do some testing on Sunday and report back here :-)

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                                    • stephenw10
                                      stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                      I just looked at what files are installed from the port and it's very few. Only the usb_modeswitch binary and a conf file for disabling it entirely.
                                      Unless I'm missing something.

                                      I too have a Huawei K3565. It's not listed but I bet someone has the data for it. Anyway here's an example of how to find the VIP and PID:

                                      
                                      [2.0.1-RELEASE][root@pfsense.fire.box]/dev(21): usbconfig 
                                      ugen0.1: <uhci root="" hub="" intel="">at usbus0, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=FULL (12Mbps) pwr=ON
                                      ugen1.1: <uhci root="" hub="" intel="">at usbus1, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=FULL (12Mbps) pwr=ON
                                      ugen2.1: <ehci root="" hub="" intel="">at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON
                                      ugen2.2: <huawei mobile="" huawei="" technology="">at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON
                                      [2.0.1-RELEASE][root@pfsense.fire.box]/dev(22): usbconfig -d 2.2 dump_device_desc
                                      ugen2.2: <huawei mobile="" huawei="" technology="">at usbus2, cfg=0 md=HOST spd=HIGH (480Mbps) pwr=ON
                                      
                                        bLength = 0x0012 
                                        bDescriptorType = 0x0001 
                                        bcdUSB = 0x0200 
                                        bDeviceClass = 0x0000 
                                        bDeviceSubClass = 0x0000 
                                        bDeviceProtocol = 0x0000 
                                        bMaxPacketSize0 = 0x0040 
                                        idVendor = 0x12d1 
                                        idProduct = 0x1001 
                                        bcdDevice = 0x0000 
                                        iManufacturer = 0x0002   <huawei technology="">iProduct = 0x0001   <huawei mobile="">iSerialNumber = 0x0000   <no string="">bNumConfigurations = 0x0001</no></huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei></ehci></uhci></uhci> 
                                      

                                      Steve

                                      Edit: It is listed just as the E169.

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                                      • J
                                        jamesc last edited by

                                        Yes, i think K3565 is just the Vodafone model number, its actually an E169 underneath. Have you managed to get it to switch?

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                                        • stephenw10
                                          stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                          Nope!  ::)

                                          
                                          [2.0.1-RELEASE][root@pfsense.fire.box]/dev(24): usb_modeswitch -c /tmp/e169.txt
                                          
                                          Looking for target devices ...
                                           No devices in target mode or class found
                                          Looking for default devices ...
                                             found matching product ID
                                           No devices in default mode found. Nothing to do. Bye.
                                          
                                          [2.0.1-RELEASE][root@pfsense.fire.box]/dev(25): cat /tmp/e169.txt
                                          # Huawei E169 and others
                                          #
                                          # Contributor: Dale Lane
                                          
                                          DefaultVendor=  0x12d1
                                          DefaultProduct= 0x1001
                                          
                                          TargetClass=    0xff
                                          
                                          # choose one of these:
                                          HuaweiMode=1
                                          
                                          

                                          Steve

                                          Edit: Seems to be because it's already in the target class (0xff):

                                          
                                          Looking for target devices ...
                                           No devices in target mode or class found
                                          Looking for default devices ...
                                            searching devices, found USB ID 12d1:1001
                                             found matching vendor ID
                                             found matching product ID
                                             target class ff matching
                                             not adding device
                                            searching devices, found USB ID 0000:0000
                                            searching devices, found USB ID 0000:0000
                                            searching devices, found USB ID 0000:0000
                                           No devices in default mode found. Nothing to do. Bye.
                                          
                                          

                                          Possibly already switched?  :-\

                                          Doh! looks like E169 is already a supported modem.  ::)

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                                          • J
                                            jamesc last edited by

                                            Looks that way, your console output when you plug the device in doesnt say that its a SCSI device so its already switched!

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                                            • stephenw10
                                              stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                              Yep, already works fine.

                                              
                                              [2.0.1-RELEASE][root@pfsense.fire.box]/root(1): cu -l cuaU0.0 -s 115200
                                              Connected
                                              at
                                              OK
                                              at I0
                                              Manufacturer: huawei
                                              Model: K3565
                                              Revision: 11.608.10.51.00
                                              IMEI: 359574032708530
                                              +GCAP: +CGSM,+DS,+ES
                                              
                                              OK
                                              
                                              

                                              Steve

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                                              • J
                                                jamesc last edited by

                                                I'll give the ZTE a try on Sunday, ive tried this modem previously with pfSense and failed because it is definately seen as a storage device. Will report back with my results.

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                                                • stephenw10
                                                  stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                  You might think that but here is the system log from when I plugged it in:

                                                  
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:17 pfsense kernel: ugen2.2: <huawei technology="">at usbus2
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:17 pfsense kernel: ugen2.2: <huawei technology="">at usbus2 (disconnected)
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:24 pfsense kernel: ugen2.2: <huawei technology="">at usbus2
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:24 pfsense kernel: u3g0: <huawei 0="" 2="" technology="" huawei="" mobile,="" class="" 0,="" rev="" 2.00="" 0.00,="" addr="">on usbus2
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:24 pfsense kernel: u3g0: Found 3 ports.
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:24 pfsense kernel: umass0: <huawei 0="" 2="" technology="" huawei="" mobile,="" class="" 0,="" rev="" 2.00="" 0.00,="" addr="">on usbus2
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: umass1: <huawei 0="" 2="" technology="" huawei="" mobile,="" class="" 0,="" rev="" 2.00="" 0.00,="" addr="">on usbus2
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): TEST UNIT READY. CDB: 0 0 0 0 0 0
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): CAM status: SCSI Status Error
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): SCSI status: Check Condition
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): SCSI sense: NOT READY asc:3a,0 (Medium not present)
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: cd0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: cd0: <huawei mass="" storage="" 2.31="">Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: cd0: 40.000MB/s transfers
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:26 pfsense kernel: cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim1:1:0:0): TEST UNIT READY. CDB: 0 0 0 0 0 0
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim1:1:0:0): CAM status: SCSI Status Error
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim1:1:0:0): SCSI status: Check Condition
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim1:1:0:0): SCSI sense: NOT READY asc:3a,0 (Medium not present)
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: da0 at umass-sim1 bus 1 scbus1 target 0 lun 0
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: da0: <huawei mmc="" storage="" 2.31="">Removable Direct Access SCSI-2 device
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: da0: 40.000MB/s transfers
                                                  Feb 17 18:16:27 pfsense kernel: da0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present</huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei></huawei> 
                                                  

                                                  It clearly comes up as a CD-ROM drive (cd0) and the micro SD reader (da0).
                                                  But u3g also shows 'found 3 ports' and looking in /dev there are cuaU0.0 1.1 and 2.2.
                                                  I haven't actually tried using this as a modem though, I'm not sure I have a simcard that can do it.

                                                  Steve

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                                                  • J
                                                    jamesc last edited by

                                                    We have some progress….

                                                    Fresh install of 2.0.1 full on an old Celeron box to avoid mapping USB devices through to a VMWare VM.
                                                    Modem is a ZTE MF112

                                                    Here's what happens initially when plugging the modem in (not using modeswitch)

                                                    Feb 19 15:55:56 pfSense kernel: umass0: <zte,incorporated 0="" 2="" zte="" wcdma="" technologies="" msm,="" class="" 0,="" rev="" 2.00="" 0.00,="" addr="">on usbus3
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:56 pfSense kernel: umass0:  SCSI over Bulk-Only; quirks = 0x0000
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: umass0:0:0:-1: Attached to scbus0
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): TEST UNIT READY. CDB: 0 0 0 0 0 0
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): CAM status: SCSI Status Error
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): SCSI status: Check Condition
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: (probe0:umass-sim0:0:0:0): SCSI sense: NOT READY asc:3a,0 (Medium not present)
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: cd0 at umass-sim0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: cd0: <hspa usb="" scsi="" cd-rom="" 2.31="">Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: cd0: 40.000MB/s transfers
                                                    Feb 19 15:55:57 pfSense kernel: cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present</hspa></zte,incorporated> 
                                                    

                                                    No interfaces are available to assign under PPP.

                                                    I then install the port and create a config file for the MF112 and run modeswitch

                                                    Looking for target devices ...
                                                     No devices in target mode or class found
                                                    Looking for default devices ...
                                                       found matching product ID
                                                       adding device
                                                     Found device in default mode, class or configuration (1)
                                                    Accessing device 005 on bus 000 ...
                                                    Getting the current device configuration ...
                                                     OK, got current device configuration (1)
                                                    Using first interface: 0x00
                                                    Using endpoints 0x01 (out) and 0x81 (in)
                                                    Inquiring device details; driver will be detached ...
                                                     Cant't do driver detection and detaching on this platform.
                                                    
                                                    SCSI inquiry data (for identification)
                                                    -------------------------
                                                      Vendor String: HSPA
                                                       Model String: USB SCSI CD-ROM
                                                    Revision String: 2.31
                                                    -------------------------
                                                    
                                                    USB description data (for identification)
                                                    -------------------------
                                                    Manufacturer: ZTE,Incorporated
                                                         Product: ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM
                                                      Serial No.: P673A3H3GD010000
                                                    -------------------------
                                                    Setting up communication with interface 0
                                                    Using endpoint 0x01 for message sending ...
                                                    Trying to send message 1 to endpoint 0x01 ...
                                                     OK, message successfully sent
                                                    Reading the response to message 1 (CSW) ...
                                                     OK, response successfully read (13 bytes).
                                                    Trying to send message 2 to endpoint 0x01 ...
                                                     OK, message successfully sent
                                                    Reading the response to message 2 (CSW) ...
                                                     Response reading got error -6
                                                     Device is gone, skipping any further commands
                                                    -> Run lsusb to note any changes. Bye.
                                                    
                                                    

                                                    I then have two new PPP interfaces /dev/cuaU0.1 and /dev/cuaU0.2

                                                    Unfortunately, I have no simcard to test any further :(

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                                                    • stephenw10
                                                      stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                      Ah, looks promising.  :)
                                                      You can try talking to the modem with cu or tip like I did. If it responds to AT commands I would expect it to work.

                                                      Steve

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                                                      • J
                                                        jamesc last edited by

                                                        The next thing to try is adding the below line to the firewall config to test whether pfSense will switch the modem before it does the PPP dial:

                                                        <shellcmd>usb_modeswitch -c /usr/local/etc/modem.txt</shellcmd>

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                                                        • stephenw10
                                                          stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                          If not then try <earlyshellcmd>instead.

                                                          Steve</earlyshellcmd>

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                                                          • J
                                                            jamesc last edited by

                                                            It does respond to AT commands on cuaU0.2  :)

                                                            My question is, what is cuaU0.1 which is also available to assign under PPP

                                                            Also, when I assign the PPP to an interface, I also see cuaU0.0 and cuau0 in the 'Modem Port' dropdown list so i'm a little confused  ???

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                                                            • stephenw10
                                                              stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                              Probably due to the way pfSense finds the serial ports to display:

                                                              $serialports = pfSense_get_modem_devices();
                                                              
                                                              

                                                              I can't find that function but if it relies on, for example, sysctl dev.u3g then they won't appear there.

                                                              The reason that the modem provides several serial ports is not obvious to me but it seems it's possible to get stats from the modem on one interface whilst connected via another, signal strength, baud rate etc.

                                                              Steve

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                                                              • J
                                                                jamesc last edited by

                                                                Thanks Steve.

                                                                I found a simcard, there's no credit on it but it still connects and gets an IP address.

                                                                I've tried both the shellcmd and earlyshellcmd options but sometimes there is a delay until the actual switch occurs.  The boot sequence continues regardless, the PPP interface is brought up but the modem is not yet ready so a WAN connection isn't established.  If I go into the GUI and manually hit connect, PPP is dialled and the WAN comes online.

                                                                Any idea of how we can delay bringing up PPP until we know the modem has successfully switched?

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                                                                • stephenw10
                                                                  stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                                  What happens when it tries to dial out before the interface is switched?
                                                                  I'm surprised that it doesn't just keep trying.
                                                                  Maybe using dial-on demand or idle time out.

                                                                  You could write a script that ran usb_modeswitch, waited and then called the appropriate interface connect function.

                                                                  Steve

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                                                                  • J
                                                                    jamesc last edited by

                                                                    It doesnt do anything, the box continues its boot process as if no modem was plugged in. I see the modem details flash up on the console towards the end of the boot process but PPP has already initialised at this point (without seeing the modem) so i suspect it wont keep on attempting a dial out because as far it's concerned, no modem was detected at the time of initialisation, I hope that makes sense!

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                                                                    • stephenw10
                                                                      stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                                      Yes I see exactly what you mean.
                                                                      Would probably be best to use an rc script then.
                                                                      This is just a guess but perhaps:

                                                                      
                                                                      #!/bin/sh
                                                                      /usr/local/sbin/usb_modeswitch -c yourmodem.txt
                                                                      sleep 5
                                                                      /etc/rc.reload_interfaces
                                                                      
                                                                      

                                                                      Try issuing a /etc/rc.reload_interfaces and see if it finds the modem and connects.

                                                                      Steve

                                                                      1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                                                                      • J
                                                                        jamesc last edited by

                                                                        I had just finished creating a similar script and was looking for a command that would restart PPP, the reload_interfaces seems to do the trick nicely, thank you.

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                                                                        • J
                                                                          jly2680 last edited by

                                                                          how can i put my usbmode_switch script in startup??i have bandluxe 21 mbps 3g modem and successfully flip it to modem mode using usb_modeswitch..I want to connect my modem's ppp  in start up..thanks

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                                                                          • stephenw10
                                                                            stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                                            If it's an RC script, as I detailed above, put it in /usr/local/etc/rc.d and it will run at boot.

                                                                            Steve

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                                                                            • J
                                                                              jly2680 last edited by

                                                                              i already put my script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d/ but when i reboot pfsense,,ppp dials in fiirst before flipping my usb modem,thus i need to dial my ppp manually..i want to flip my modem first then ppp dials in..TIA

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                                                                              • stephenw10
                                                                                stephenw10 Netgate Administrator last edited by

                                                                                Yes Jamesc experienced that problem above.
                                                                                Doesn't it redial when you reload the interfaces in the script?

                                                                                Steve

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                                                                                • J
                                                                                  jly2680 last edited by

                                                                                  thanks..reload interfaces did the trick..now i will add 1 more different usb modem.. :)

                                                                                  1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
                                                                                  • J
                                                                                    jly2680 last edited by

                                                                                    problem occurs: persistent disconnections..i cant make my modem to hold for an hour or so..my ppp connection disconnects  every 10 seconds..i try to use my 3g modem directly with my laptop but never had a connection hangup..

                                                                                    1 Reply Last reply Reply Quote 0
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