"simply because it's rather common to obfuscate configuration information when posting to public forums."
Not when its rfc1918, and if you did want to hide it a bit showing 10.x.x.250/16 would of shown its private space, etc. and a different network.
" I've had to set up NAT"
Out of the box nat would be active - you should not have had to do anything.. If you did, seems you might of done it wrong.
Out of the box public IP on wan, private on lan there would be nothing to really setup. Bing bang zoom up and running.
I would suggest checking for host firewalls - but you state "no traffic is being passed to the internal host on the LAN segment."
Your 80 is bad example if your running web gui on that port on pfsense.. I would check with ssh, so from outside you see packets at wan but nothing leaving lan interface.. Then you got a configuration problem with pfsense. Is your nat set to automatic? You mention you can ping hosts from pfsense and see packets from wan.. Are hosts actually using pfsense for internet and their default gateway? And this is working? If clients are pointing to pfsense as their default gateway then your forwards are not going to work because of asynchronous routing
But you say your not seeing the packets even go to the client when you sniff on the lan interface of pfsense? So couldn't even be that.