NAT

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  H.323 Video Conference Codec behind PFSense *Guide / Explanation*
  • BitXer0  

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  Long story short, to use H.323 behind a pfsense firewall, one needs to enable static-port NAT. Unfortunately neither H.323 nor SIP were designed with NAT in mind, in which case one needs either an ALG (which btw is part of Linux's netfilter since many years, but apparently missing from baseline pf/FreeBSD) or a NAT device that won't rewrite ports (a solution that will work if you only have one such device). Edit: Note that SIP software has been improved in recent years, and most recent implementations can work through NAT without a need for ALG or static ports, but it's still something one has to keep in mind when troubleshooting SIP issues.
• C

  Port Forward Troubleshooting
  • cmb  

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  No custom NAT ports will work.. Forbidden
  • phrak9  

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  Figured it out. I'm an idiot! Needed to enable remote access in media server.
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  Redirecting DNS requests respone issue
  • z3r0_XG  

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  @viragomann WORKED! TYVM - dig www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com @8.8.8.8 ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.13-Ubuntu <<>> www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com @8.8.8.8 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 62363 ;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: com. 900 IN SOA a.gtld-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 1600953019 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 171 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Thu Sep 24 13:10:34 UTC 2020 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 141 Internal DNS log: Sep 24 09:10:34 dnsmasq[25829]: query[A] www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com from 192.168.11.1 Sep 24 09:10:34 dnsmasq[25829]: forwarded www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com to 2604:6000:1529:8082:9c5d:c6ff:fe2a:ae3b Sep 24 09:10:34 dnsmasq[25829]: validation result is SECURE Sep 24 09:10:34 dnsmasq[25829]: reply www.dsffdgdfhdfhsdfsdgdfshdfghdsfds.com is NXDOMAIN
• L

  NAT issue for networks not directly connected to the firewall.
  • lugwitz  

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  No. That is why I suggested NAT for all private space.
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  DNS redirect (NAT) doesn't work 100 procent
  • AudiAddict  

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  @AudiAddict said in DNS redirect (NAT) doesn't work 100 procent: But no difference yet. Did you clear your states. I just showed you this working.. Would you recommend doing this differently? Yes.. Put your pihole on 1 vlan! Allow your different vlans to talk to pihole on IP and 53 tcp/udp. The whole point of a firewall is to block/allow specific traffic between vlans. Not everything - unless that is what you want. But you want your clients to talk to your pihole, so allow that traffic.. Placing a device on every vlan (multihomed) compromises the security of your network. If the pihole was compromised then it has complete access to every other network it has an IP on without having to go through your firewall. It can also lead to asymmetrical routing problems. If you want your redirect to work without having to do any nat reflection stuff - then put it on a vlan all by itself.. So now all traffic even when redirected will look like it came back from where the client sent it.
• G

  Hybrid NAT
  • garry  

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  Need help creating my first port forwarding rule as it doesn't work.
  • LakeWorthB  

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  @viragomann Thanks, I finally found the last problem, there was an old NAT rule on my model/router, which was redirecting 80/443. Thanks for your guys help. It is working now.
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  Trouble with NAT (443 works, but other ports don't)
  • yellowjacketgt  

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  @johnpoz not to hijack this thread, I created a thread for my specific problem. But to answer your question, I have a cable modem router, with the pfSense set as the DMZ. https://forum.netgate.com/topic/156840/need-help-creating-my-first-port-forwarding-rule-as-it-doesn-t-work
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  Unable to connect to RDS Farm
  • A Former User  

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  How is all this stuff connected together? Give us some more information / share your configuration. -Rico
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  PIA automatic port-forward update for Transmission daemon
  • HolyK  

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  @Apocracy no it works, i am using it right now, i think right now only 2 or 3 servers support port forwarding, Canada and Germany don't work, they said they are working on a fix
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  "reset all states" box does not seem to work as advertised.
  • compsmith  

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  @compsmith said in "reset all states" box does not seem to work as advertised.: I need to bump this issue because I am still experiencing issues with all the suggestions given. Does anyone else have any suggestions how i prevent this from happening as this is still a issue
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  Port Forwarding doesn't appear to be working
  • solaris81  

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  Automated scripts for Private Internet Access port forwarding
  • Bagpuss  

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  @fm808 Cool ! Glad you figured it out :]
• S

  How to nat a IP range?
  • sanjibgupta  

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  @sanjibgupta said in How to nat a IP range?: In pfsense 2.4.4 Hi, The developers, they don’t work hard for that, because you get stuck one on an ancient version. Please upgrade your system and ask your question again. https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/releases/2-4-5-p1-new-features-and-changes.html
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  SIP Cloud
  • ArcvisionDesign  

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  This topic is deleted!
  • gab.rc14  

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  Load balancing Servers on LAN
  • Viki R  

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  pfSense - DNS redirect to local DNS server
  nat dns pihole masquerade • • AndyRH  

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  Port forwarding - pros and cons [Solved]
  • PM_13  

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  Even for remote access you don't need port forwards for your ring stuff. For access to whatever HA you running - ok.. But that would be a bad idea! If you need remote access to some service your running, then vpn into your network and access it that way. The only time you should allow for unsolicited inbound access, ie a port forward would be services you want to be open to the public.. Say some public web server, or plex server, or minecraft server, etc. ntp server. If you are going to be the only one to access it - like a HA service, then vpn would be the more secure solution.
• A

  Outbound NAT a specific port
  • AdamTheManTyler  

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  @viragomann Ah crap, yes I remember this now. Thanks for the reminder, working now. -Adam
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  Setup and understanding Port Forwarding, also Exchange
  • rylen  

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  yup split dns https://docs.netgate.com/pfsense/en/latest/nat/accessing-port-forwards-from-local-networks.html#method-2-split-dns
• N

  NAT Port Forwarding and associated rule(s) help
  • N8LBV  

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  @Derelict said in NAT Port Forwarding and associated rule(s) help: Most people make an Alias containing the list of source networks they wish to allow and use that as the source of the port forward. @N8LBV And to expand on this concept a little bit, you can also create an alias of all the ports, or port ranges, that you want to allow, then use that alias in a NAT rule or firewall rule. Jeff
• J

  Manually recreating IPsec NAT/BINAT rule with Outbound NAT table
  nat ipsec • • jimbobmcgee  

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  Accessing a local web server from local network with NAT reflection + port forwarding
  • wyang  

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  It works. Thanks very much @johnpoz !
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  WAN devices to LAN devices
  • trevorstuart  

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  @trevorstuart Not exactly. If you bridge WAN and LAN, both interfaces are in the same L2 network. So pfSense is neither a router nor a gateway anymore, the gateway would be the modem. WAN and LAN devices are in the same subnet and you have to do any forwarding even to devices behind pfSense on the modem. But you are still able to filter the traffic on pfSense. Can't you deactivate the DHCP server on the modem and let pfSense do that job in WAN subnet? The DHCP server on pfSense can push the route for the LAN subnet to the WAN devices. So you don't need to set it manually.
• V

  Can't get LAN traffic to connect through WAN
  • vpnguy  

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  @vpnguy said in Can't get LAN traffic to connect through WAN: @viragomann Thanks a lot! You were very helpful. What would you recommend is best way to troubleshoot making sure that there is no cross traffic between OPT1/VPN subnet and LAN subnet? You can setup an explicit BLOCK or DENY rule on the OPT1/VPN subnet from getting into the LAN subnet. Do it like this: Action: Block or Reject Interface: OPT1/VPN Address Family: IPv4+IPV6 (or IPv4 if you've turned off IPv6) Protocol: Any Source: OPT1/VPN Net Destination: LAN Net Give it a good description and save the new firewall rule. Make sure it's at the TOP of your list of rules, and it should work fine. Hope that helps! Jeff
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  Trying to figure out if NTP redirection is working
  • pfguy2018  

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  You cannot see that in a packet capture, at least not on the internal interface. You can do a capture on WAN while updating the system time on the client. If the packets do not appear there the NAT will work.
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  Accessing Port Forwards from Local Networks
  • rahim  

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  And then hey when want to go back to the kitchen - back to the front door ;) In the big picture prob doesn't matter all that much, unless your moving a lot of traffic. But it sure is not the "optimal" sort of setup.. Why would you want to do that?
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  OPENVPN NATTING TO IPSEC
  • sephd  

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  Nat Pass Works But Rule Does Not
  • qwaven  

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  So just because... I went ahead and removed both NAT rules and any rules for them. Created just 1 NAT rule and specified to allow it to create an associated rule. It did all this, I test and I experience the same issue. -In the application it shows a status which flashes on showing it should be good then seconds later goes back to offline status. -Externally testing shows the port is down Tried adjusting the NAT reflection type (always have left it as system default) Tried proxy, and pure. all appear to have the same result. Switch to using pass, the NAT rule removes its associated created rule and my application immediately works. Externally testing passes as well. Second NAT rule... Did the same tests as above, nothing appears to work. As I removed my floating rule I originally created to make this work. I switch the NAT rule to also use pass and it works. Floating rules: Go in and change both NAT rules to not use Pass or Associate to a rule. create a basic floating pass rule to allow from any to one of my servers. The server with port 32401 will not work. The server with port 32400 will work with the floating rule. And for completeness I change the NAT rule for 32401 back to use PASS and remove the floating rule I created for it. It works right away. I'm at a loss here as to what else I can be looking at. Open to trying things... Cheers!
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  From LAN 200.x/22 to DMZ 100.x/22 Connection Timeout
  • howdoyouturn69  

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  I follow the instructions, remove default gateway in firewall rules, to default. I can see the firewall log it says allow (green check), however, still does not connect. Any other idea? Because I still can't do event ping between LAN and DMZ. BTW: If I set "default" gateway in System/Routing, no LAN client can browse internet. Maybe something else is missing?
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  Transparent Proxy with nat
  • davide.accetturi  

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  3 specific phones not registerd to PBX
  • Eyalf83  

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• 

  OSPF: pfSense and 2 Instances of VyOS in Separate Networks
  • GraysonPeddie  

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  Note: I'm going to make a new post instead of editing my existing one. I did not see an error message when I submit my changes, so I'm going to make a new post documenting my experience with NAT. Okay, so I'm going to document my experience with NAT in pfSense. Let's change the destination to 10.249.1.0/24. Rule 1: Interface: WAN Source: any Destination: 10.249.1.0/24 Translation Address: 10.249.0.0/16 Pinging 10.249.1.100 works and pinging 10.249.2.100 does not work. So, changing the destination to 10.249.2.0/24 makes pinging 2.100 working, but 1.100 does not. I'm going to reset the destination to 10.249.0.0/24 and modify the translation address to 10.249.0.0/24. I'm going to give it a try: Rule 1: Interface: WAN Source: any Destination: 10.249.0.0/16 Translation Address: 10.249.0.0/24 Setting translation address to 10.249.0.0/24 works fine when pinging .1.100 and .2.100. What happens if I set the translation address to just interface address? Setting the first rule to WAN address won't work because pfSense does not seem to reach back to .0.101 when I try to ping .1.100 and .2.100. So it makes sense to think that pfSense will translate the packets back to the originating host's IP address and not the interface address (172.24.9.2). I don't know how that works, but hey, it works. Maybe somebody could explain why using the local /24 LAN subnet works.
• I

  Trafic Redirect
  • Ilya.V  

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  That's straight forward. I had made such forwardings several times. Ensure that Pf2 is the default gateway for the server and that a firewall rule on the specified OpenVPN interface is allowing the access and that it matches. Also on Pf1 WAN you need a rule allowing the traffic, of course. @Ilya-V said in Trafic Redirect: added a permissive rule for everything You have to ensure that there is no rule on the OpenVPN tab which matches the traffic. OpenVPN is an interface group including all OpenVPN instances you're running and it doesn't work on interface groups! That's why I wrote "move the rule from OpenVPN...".
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  Maximum amount of Outbound Static NAT?
  • mountainlion  

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  Some may slip away into obscurity, but I owe a reply.... lol Just reading this a couple of minutes ago. When I read your last suggestion about anyone else using IP on segment, I sort of cringed. I had looked at the Diag/arp and saw FW mac, but hadnt looked at EdgeRouter due to ssh issue last night. When I logged into router I saw that the network has been sliced to a /27, not /26 as I had thought. Added a usable IP from IPSUB and off and going. Thank you
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  Speed? Is there anything in PFSense that would rate-limit SSH NAT?
  • profse  

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  I set up the DMZplus mode to my laptop. If I SFTP to the laptop, the speeds are atrocious, just like to the netgate device. It must be the modem.
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  Configuring NAT overload in pfSense
  • tsame  

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  Nat overload is a classic cisco term Also called pat (port address translation) or plain nat as we know it in home appliances.
• R

  No internet on WAN and/or LAN port (Virtual pfSense on VMWare Workstation 15.5)
  • raviktiwari  

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  Is the WAN gateway shown as online on the dashboard? Are you able to ping 8.8.8.8 by the IP address from pfSense to rule out a DNS issue? If the issue is on the VMWare setup the Virtualization section of this forum might be a better place to ask.