How to configure failback for WAN1 up

kapara

Also I have been doing some research. I am no linux or freebsd admin but I did find this and there must be some way to script this so that you can check which interface the states are connected to and if both interfaces are up/up and the states are still connected via the failover interface that the pfctl -k xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/xxx can be executed to force the states to return to their primary or tier 1 interface.

https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pfctl&sektion=8

from shell I performed the following commands and it looks to have killed all that states related to either the IP or subnet.

pfctl -k 10.20.30.115

pfctl -k 10.20.30.0/24

NAME
pfctl – control the packet filter (PF) device

SYNOPSIS
pfctl [-AdeghmNnOPqRrvz] [-a anchor] [-D macro= value] [-F modifier]
[-f file] [-i interface] [-K host | network] [-k host | network |
label | id] [-o level] [-p device] [-s modifier] [-t table -T
command [address …]] [-x level]

-k host | network | label | id
Kill all of the state entries matching the specified host,
network, label, or id.

For example, to kill all of the state entries originating from
``host'':

# pfctl -k host

A second -k host or -k network option may be specified, which
will kill all the state entries from the first host/network to
the second. To kill all of the state entries from host1'' to host2'':

# pfctl -k host1 -k host2

To kill all states originating from 192.168.1.0/24 to
172.16.0.0/16:

# pfctl -k 192.168.1.0/24 -k 172.16.0.0/16

A network prefix length of 0 can be used as a wildcard. To kill
all states with the target ``host2'':

# pfctl -k 0.0.0.0/0 -k host2

It is also possible to kill states by rule label or state ID. In
this mode the first -k argument is used to specify the type of
the second argument. The following command would kill all states
that have been created from rules carrying the label ``foobar'':

# pfctl -k label -k foobar

To kill one specific state by its unique state ID (as shown by
pfctl -s state -vv), use the id modifier and as a second argument
the state ID and optional creator ID. To kill a state with ID
4823e84500000003 use:

# pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000003

To kill a state with ID 4823e84500000018 created from a backup
firewall with hostid 00000002 use:

# pfctl -k id -k 4823e84500000018/2

kapara

I posted a job on upwork since I am not getting any takers on the pfsense Bounty page…

kapara

Had script created…

Have not tested yet though....

https://forum.pfsense.org/index.php?topic=113643.0

jmonline

Just to show you have I have posted onto the Redmine Bug#5090

In simple terms, take a VoIP/SIP phone service, if a connection failovers over from the primary WAN1 connection to a secondary WAN2 connection, at what point should that VoIP/SIP connection be expected to fall back onto the WAN1 connection when it becomes available again. Are you saying that with state killing on failback it would move these sessions immediately?
Or how long would/should the state remain open on the WAN2 connection?

We are currently having real problems with this on 2 client sites setup as follows:

WAN1 - ADSL connection just used for VoIP traffic
WAN2 - EFM higher bandwidth connection used for all internet access, VPN etc.

Gateway group named "EFMFirst"
WAN2 EFM - Tier 1
WAN1 ADSL - Tier 2

Gateway group named "DSLFirst"
WAN1 ADSL - Tier 1
WAN2 EFM - Tier 2

Firewall Rules for Voice network:
Traffic set to Gateway: DSLFirst

Firewall Rules for LAN network:
Traffic set to Gateway: EFMFirst

The problem is that if the ADSL line drops, the VoIP traffic goes onto the EFM connection. This is fine for a short period of time, but due to the other traffic on this line the bandwidth is not enough so we can get call quality issues. This is not a problem for a short period of time (better to have some phone service than none at all).

When the ADSL line comes back online (Status>Gateways confirms this), the VoIP traffic stays over the EFM connection. Looking at the State table you can see the TCP & UDP traffic stuck to WAN2.

It can be left for 24hrs and still the VoIP traffic will be on the wrong WAN. It will never move the traffic back onto the ADSL connection where it should be. Therefore the call quality issues remain due to the lack of bandwidth.

What would you suggest, is this truly not a bug?
Is there not something that can force the states to re-associate with the firewall rule and therefor the correct WAN gateway after a specified period of time perhaps?

Also if you Kill the 2 States for each VoIP phone in the Diagnostics > States section, they re-appear straight away on the same ports and interfaces as they were previously.
This is done by filtering the state's list by the IP address of the device. You can then see both UDP states (one on the internal network & one on the wan). Then press the "Kill States" button. This removes the 2 states very briefly, but then they reappear, still on the wrong WAN interface.
They have definitely cleared since the Byte count returns down to 0KB and starts counting again.
Surely clearing the state should have forced it to reconnect and follow the current rule and gateway group to the correct gateway??

kapara

Not sure why you are having an issue. Possibly due to your 2 rules for the same traffic.

I have all my phones on a vlan and there is only one rule which is the default which is using the gatewaygroup. If I go an kill all the states for the phones on the backup interface they reconnect via the correct gateway. Again maybe something amiss on your setup.

jmonline

@kapara:

Not sure why you are having an issue. Possibly due to your 2 rules for the same traffic.

I have all my phones on a vlan and there is only one rule which is the default which is using the gatewaygroup. If I go an kill all the states for the phones on the backup interface they reconnect via the correct gateway. Again maybe something amiss on your setup.

Yeah I too have all the phones in a VLAN.
The Voice Network (VLAN30) has a rule which sends traffic over the Gateway group "DSLFirst"
The LAN Network (VLAN1) has a rule which sends traffic over the Gateway group "EFMFirst"

That is why I have 2 rules, because I have 2 networks (each using a different WAN as their primary/default).

I have found that killing states will work very occasionally, but most of the time the states stay open on the wrong WAN.

kapara

you have one rule for each interface or 2 rules for each interface?

jmonline

@kapara:

you have one rule for each interface or 2 rules for each interface?

1 Rule for each interface

kapara

from SSH or from gui try to run the following command:

pfctl -i igb0 -k 192.168.65.0/24

where igbX is your backup interface and the subnet is what is used by your phones

jmonline

@kapara:

from SSH or from gui try to run the following command:

pfctl -i igb0 -k 192.168.65.0/24

where igbX is your backup interface and the subnet is what is used by your phones

My backup WAN interface is called WAN_EFM.
My Voice network is on 10.10.30.0/24

I ran pfctl -i WAN_EFM -k 10.10.30.0/24 and I got the result:
killed 0 states from 1 sources and 0 destinations.

Yet if I look at the state table, select the Interface as WAN_EFM, and Filter expression as 10.10.30 I can see a whole list of UDP states, one for each phone.
If I look at the WAN_DSL interface there are no states open for the phones.

I'll print an output of the states below with the WAN & PBX IPs masked.

WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:42190 (10.10.30.39:14079) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.346 K / 7.021 K 4.39 MiB / 2.71 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:9175 (10.10.30.49:58472) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.379 K / 7.045 K 4.42 MiB / 2.71 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:47285 (10.10.30.42:25810) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.453 K / 7.131 K 4.48 MiB / 2.76 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:20572 (10.10.30.53:59061) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.453 K / 7.125 K 4.48 MiB / 2.76 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:4430 (10.10.30.40:12615) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.428 K / 7.106 K 4.46 MiB / 2.74 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:25173 (10.10.30.38:50089) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.433 K / 7.111 K 4.46 MiB / 2.75 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:36676 (10.10.30.5:57001) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.438 K / 7.093 K 4.24 MiB / 2.74 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:20383 (10.10.30.26:12710) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 8.817 K / 8.472 K 5.27 MiB / 3.68 MiB

kapara

What if you use the actual interface instead of the label?

jmonline

@kapara:

What if you use the actual interface instead of the label?

pfctl -i igb2 -k 10.10.30.0/24 gives me:
killed 0 states from 1 sources and 0 destinations

pfctl -i opt1 -k 10.10.30.0/24 gives me:
killed 0 states from 1 sources and 0 destinations

I don't get it because the EFM connection is on the physical interface igb2.

Status > Interfaces gives me this:

WAN_EFM Interface (opt1, igb2)
Status: up
MAC Address: 00:0d:b9:xx:xx:xx
IPv4 Address: 135.196.xxx.xxx
Subnet mask IPv4: 255.255.255.252
Gateway IPv4: 135.196.xxx.xxx
IPv6 Link Local: fe80::xxx:xxx:fe41:73f6%igb2
MTU: 1500
Media: 100baseTX <full-duplex>
In/out packets: 70894297/45691236 (43.12 GiB/17.40 GiB)
In/out packets (pass): 70894297/45691236 (43.12 GiB/17.40 GiB)</full-duplex>

Yet the state table is still full of states on the WAN_EFM connection and there's none on the WAN_DSL where it should be going because WAN_DSL is Tier 1 in the Gateway group.

jmonline

I have just Reset the whole firewall state table from Diagnostics > States > Reset States

This has made no difference, connections are still on WAN_EFM even though WAN_ADSL is showing up and online.

kapara

Try removing -i and the interface. Be aware this may kill all connections for the subnet to both interfaces

kapara

In your gateway group the 2 interfaces are on different tiers? Or same tier?

kapara

Maybe specify the up of the end point IP. You might have to specify 2 commands. Both to and from the IP's

Based on the statement below it makes since that no states were killed:

WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:42190 (10.10.30.39:14079) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 7.346 K / 7.021 K 4.39 MiB / 2.71 MiB

pfctl -i igb0 -k 192.168.65.0/24 -k 135.196.xxx.xxx

pfctl -i igb0 -k IP of Voip System -k 192.168.65.0/24

or

pfctl -i igb0 -k 135.196.xxx.xxx

pfctl -i igb0 -k 192.168.65.0/24

-k host
Kill all of the state entries originating from the specified
host.

-h Help.

-i interface
Restrict the operation to the given interface.

-k host
Kill all of the state entries originating from the specified
host. A second -k host option may be specified, which will kill
all the state entries from the first host to the second host.
For example, to kill all of the state entries originating from
host:

# pfctl -k host

To kill all of the state entries from host1 to host2:

# pfctl -k host1 -k host2

jmonline

Yes my WAN Gateways are on different tiers

To confirm a couple of things:

My WAN_EFM connection is on opt1, igb2
My WAN_EFM connection IP is the one starting 135.196.xxx.xxx

My WAN_ADSL connection is on wan, pppoe0
My WAN_ADSL connection IP is the one starting 82.152.xxx.xxx

My LAN Interface is on lan, igb1
This has a network of 10.10.1.0/24
It is used for general PC & Servers

My 30VOICELAN is on opt3, igb1_vlan30
It has a network of 10.10.30.0/24
It is used for all VoIP phone devices

My External VoIP Server is hosted in a datacenter and is the IP beginning 185.83.xxx.xxx

Gateway group named "EFMFirst"
Tier 1 - WAN_EFM
Tier 2 - WAN_ADSL

Gateway group named "DSLFirst"
Tier 1 - WAN_ADSL
Tier 2 - WAN_EFM

Firewall Rules for LAN network:
Traffic set to Gateway: EFMFirst

Firewall Rules for 30VOICELAN network:
Traffic set to Gateway: DSLFirst

If the WAN_ADSL connection goes down, the state table confirms that the states for the voice traffic are now going over the WAN_EFM connection (135.196.xxx.xxx).

When the WAN_ADSL connection comes back UP, none of the states ever return to the WAN_ADSL connection.

If you Reset the firewall state table all the states go back to the correct paths (LAN devices over the EFM connection and VOICELAN devices over the DSL connection)!!

Resetting the firewall state table is a bit overkill since it kills all the states on every device/connection.

Shouldn't I be able to kill just the states of the 30VOICENET devices which are going over the wrong connection (WAN_EFM)?

Interestingly yesterday I connected a brand new VoIP phone to the network (after having the WAN_ADSL connection down earlier that day), it connected to my Hosted VoIP server through the WAN_EFM connection, even though the WAN_ADSL connection was UP and this device had no previous states ever on the router. ….. Does this mean that when that WAN_DSL had come back up earlier that day (before I connected this new device), something in PFSENSE hasn't triggered the Firewall rules/Gateways to follow the correct path? The Gateway status always reports correct, when a connection comes back UP, the status reports Online and vise versa.

What command should I be running in pfctl to Kill all of the states for devices on the 30VOICELAN network to trigger the devices to register on the correct connection?

If I run```
pfctl -k 10.10.30.0/24


If I run```
pfctl -i igb2 -k 10.10.30.0/24
```this tells me _0 states from 1 sources and 0 destinations_ have been killed

Yet if I look at the state table I can still see:

WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:29023 (10.10.30.11:38251) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 4.932 K / 4.71 K 2.94 MiB / 1.82 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:2239 (10.10.30.54:37815) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 5.155 K / 4.679 K 3.07 MiB / 1.80 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:44077 (10.10.30.46:26578) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 5.151 K / 4.675 K 3.07 MiB / 1.80 MiB
WAN_EFM udp 135.196.xxx.xxx:10148 (10.10.30.22:22774) -> 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 5.472 K / 4.954 K 3.26 MiB / 2.18 MiB
30VOICELAN udp 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 -> 10.10.30.25:41959 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 309 / 321 138 KiB / 196 KiB
30VOICELAN udp 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 -> 10.10.30.11:38251 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 252 / 263 99 KiB / 161 KiB
30VOICELAN udp 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 <- 10.10.30.52:52783 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 266 / 254 163 KiB / 101 KiB
30VOICELAN udp 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 <- 10.10.30.38:39870 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 264 / 252 161 KiB / 99 KiB
30VOICELAN udp 185.83.xxx.xxx:5060 <- 10.10.30.49:20139 MULTIPLE:MULTIPLE 264 / 252 161 KiB / 99 KiB

Note the above is just a sample of the states table, there are essentially 2 states for every VoIP device (1 showing on the WAN_EFM side and one showing on the 30WOICELAN side).

What pfctl command should I be using to force all of these states to go back to the correct connections?

The **Reset the firewall state table** command does the job but is not targeted enough.

Why does a new device attached go over the wrong WAN (following a earlier disconnection/reconnection) until such time as the Firewall state table is reset? Is this a clue as to whats going on?

I hope that gives enough information…. :)

Thanks
James

kapara

But did you try to use the public ip in the statement?

jmonline

@kapara:

But did you try to use the public ip in the statement?

Yes

pfctl -k 185.83.xxx.xxx -k 10.10.30.0/24

This prints: killed 2 states from 1 sources and 1 destinations

Yet the state table doesn't change and the states are still over the wrong WAN connection.

kapara

:o

Makes no sense. The command seems to reference that it is the purpose. Curious what the comand is that is executed when you kill all the states.

I am hoping this weekend to go to the site where I have 2 WAN connections with voip to test. I am really intrigued and fustrated… I will try to post this to some BSD forums....