PC Engines apu2 experiences

Qinn

@kevindd992002 https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcscd&sektion=8&manpath=freebsd-release-ports

DaddyGo

@kevindd992002 said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

I don't know what it's for.

on pfSense this is the real goal with it...

and plus from @viktor_g " support for PKCS#11 authentication (e.g. hardware tokens such as Yubikey) for IPsec: https://redmine.pfsense.org/issues/9878"

original:
https://pcsclite.apdu.fr/

Vollans

@qinn said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

When you are still using UFS it is best to move over to the filesystem ZFS

Another big advantage of ZFS is the snapshot feature. If you did a snapshot of your working 2.4.5 system before upgrading to 2.5 you can easily roll back to a fully installed and working 2.4.5 system in seconds if the bugs/issues/performance are causing you headaches.

This morning I rolled back. I’ll wait a while longer until the inevitable patches come out before thinking of upgrading again.

Qinn

@vollans Maybe explain in detail how you did that step-by-step snapshot and the rollback, many are not familiar with copy-on-write systems like zfs and btrfs

Qinn

This post is deleted!

logan5247

@qinn @Vollans - I also would be interested in hearing about this. I was under the impression ZFS wasn't really useful on a single-disk setup.

fireodo

@logan5247 said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

@qinn @Vollans - I also would be interested in hearing about this. I was under the impression ZFS wasn't really useful on a single-disk setup.

I have all my pfsense's on ZFS with a single Disk.
One day my UPS was going crazy (before she died) and switched power on / off in a short interval - the pfsense restarted, after I get a spare UPS in place, without any complains - is this good enough to show the advantages of ZFS?

Regards,
fireodo

Vollans

@logan5247 I’ll get it typed up in a couple of hours. It’s not tricky.

ZFS is a lot more robust that UFS and is definitely worth the effort to use. As it says above, a power failure is far less likely to cause loss of data, and a hard reboot in case of lockups again is highly unlikely to result in loss of data. And if you do snapshots before and after major upgrades you’re in a good place to revert if things go nuts.

Qinn

@fireodo said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

@logan5247 said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

@qinn @Vollans - I also would be interested in hearing about this. I was under the impression ZFS wasn't really useful on a single-disk setup.

I have all my pfsense's on ZFS with a single Disk.
One day my UPS was going crazy (before she died) and switched power on / off in a short interval - the pfsense restarted, after I get a spare UPS in place, without any complains - is this good enough to show the advantages of ZFS?

Regards,
fireodo

....of course RAID gives more redundancy, best is more disks using RAID. As the problem with a single disk and "copies" is the same as creating an mdadm raid-1 using two partitions of the same disk: you have data redundancy, but not disk redundancy, as disk failure will cause the loss of both data sets.
Then ZFS, like btrfs, is copy-on-write, so power surges are never a problem and ZFS requires a system with ECC memory (APU2 has this), otherwise you're still not 100% safeguarded against bit errors..

Vollans

@vollans said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

@logan5247 I’ll get it typed up in a couple of hours. It’s not tricky.

Sorry, ended up being a couple of days due to events.

Log in via SSH

Check that you're using ZFS and what it's called, usually zroot

zfs list

NAME                          USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
zroot                        2.43G  9.68G    88K  /zroot
zroot/ROOT                   1.69G  9.68G    88K  none
zroot/ROOT/default           1.69G  9.68G  1.40G  /
zroot/tmp                     496K  9.68G   496K  /tmp
zroot/var                     751M  9.68G   401M  /var

Turn on listing of snapshots just to make life easier:

zpool set listsnapshots=on zroot

Do your first snapshot - the bit after the @ sign is your name for the snapshot. I usually do a base, then @date or installed version similar:

zfs snapshot zroot@21-03-05
zfs snapshot zroot/ROOT@21-03-05
zfs snapshot zroot/ROOT/default@21-03-05
zfs snapshot zroot/var@21-03-05

There is no point in snapshotting the tmp directory. It is normal to get no feedback from those commands.

Check you have a snapshot

zfs list
NAME                          USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
zroot                        2.43G  9.68G    88K  /zroot
zroot@21-03-05                   0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT                   1.69G  9.68G    88K  none
zroot/ROOT@21-03-05              0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT/default           1.69G  9.68G  1.40G  /
zroot/ROOT/default@21-03-05      0      -  1.40G  -
zroot/tmp                     496K  9.68G   496K  /tmp
zroot/var                     752M  9.68G   401M  /var
zroot/var@21-03-05           1.48M      -   401M  -

Do a snapshot whenever you make major changes, such as going from 2.4.5 to 2.5. Normal config changes it would be overkill for as the config backup would be enough.

You can remove your most recent snapshot with the commands, where the bit after @ is the snapshot name:

zfs destroy zroot/var@21-03-05
zfs destroy zroot/ROOT/default@21-03-05
zfs destroy zroot/ROOT@21-03-05
zfs destroy zroot@21-03-05

If disaster strikes, otherwise known as 2.5, you can roll back to 2.4.5p1 working state by restoring the snapshot:

zfs rollback zroot/var@21-03-05
zfs rollback zroot/ROOT/default@21-03-05
zfs rollback zroot/ROOT@21-03-05
zfs rollback zroot@21-03-05
shutdown -r now

The final line is vital! You MUST immediately reboot after rolling back the whole OS otherwise Bad Things Happen (TM).

There is also method in my madness of doing the rollback with /var first. If the var rollback fails, it's not the end of the world, and you can work out what you did wrong without putting the whole system at risk.

dem

@vollans Thank you for the writeup. It's good to know this works.

Now please try pool checkpointing and let us know how it goes. You'll need to boot from the installer and use the rescue image to recover.

From the zpool Manual Page:

Pool checkpoint

Before starting critical procedures that include destructive actions (e.g zfs destroy ), an administrator can checkpoint the pool's state and in the case of a mistake or failure, rewind the entire pool back to the checkpoint. Otherwise, the checkpoint can be discarded when the procedure has completed successfully.

A pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot and should be used with care as it contains every part of the pool's state, from properties to vdev configuration. Thus, while a pool has a checkpoint certain operations are not allowed. Specifically, vdev removal/attach/detach, mirror splitting, and changing the pool's guid. Adding a new vdev is supported but in the case of a rewind it will have to be added again. Finally, users of this feature should keep in mind that scrubs in a pool that has a checkpoint do not repair checkpointed data.

To create a checkpoint for a pool:

# zpool checkpoint pool

To later rewind to its checkpointed state, you need to first export it and then rewind it during import:

# zpool export pool
# zpool import --rewind-to-checkpoint pool

To discard the checkpoint from a pool:

# zpool checkpoint -d pool

Vollans

@dem I'll give that a go when I've got some spare time next week or when an updated 2.5 comes out.

dem

@vollans I did a quick test in a virtual machine to figure out what the commands would be. This appears to work:

On a running 2.4.5-p1 system:

zpool checkpoint zroot

Booted from the 2.5.0 installer and in the Rescue Shell:

zpool import -f -N --rewind-to-checkpoint zroot
zpool export zroot
poweroff

logan5247

@vollans Thanks for this write up! I am installed on UFS but may go back and switch to ZFS now. I'm a Linux guy, so ZFS has always been out of my wheelhouse.

When I do the initial setup and pfSense is working, do I:

Perform a snapshot then and leave it around for years and years? Is this safe? I'm thinking like a VM snapshot where you don't want to have a snapshot hang around for long periods of time.
Only perform snapshots before an upgrade, do the upgrade, then remove the snapshot after it's working?

Thanks again!

VAMike

@logan5247 said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

@vollans Thanks for this write up! I am installed on UFS but may go back and switch to ZFS now. I'm a Linux guy, so ZFS has always been out of my wheelhouse.

This is an issue mainly because UFS in pfsense performs recovery so incredibly badly. I don't fully understand why something as heavy as ZFS seems to be the only solution.

Vollans

@logan5247 I don’t see any inherent dangers in leaving the snapshot hanging around, unless you are really tight for space. Snapshots only record changed files, so it’s not a huge thing. Personally, I use it for a couple of reasons.

Fully installed with patches base OS before any fiddling - that way if you screw up you can roll back and undo your “magic” that was more Weasley than Granger.
Snapshot once fully tweaked and working, so you’ve got a known working system to roll back to
Just before a major upgrade

Here’s my snapshot catalogue:

NAME                              USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
zroot                            2.90G  9.21G    88K  /zroot
zroot@210219                         0      -    88K  -
zroot@2-4-5p1-base                   0      -    88K  -
zroot@2-4-5-p1                       0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT                       2.14G  9.21G    88K  none
zroot/ROOT@210219                    0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT@2-4-5p1-base              0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT@2-4-5-p1                  0      -    88K  -
zroot/ROOT/default               2.14G  9.21G  1.84G  /
zroot/ROOT/default@210219         146M      -  1.14G  -
zroot/ROOT/default@2-4-5p1-base  36.3M      -  1.43G  -
zroot/ROOT/default@2-4-5-p1      36.5M      -  1.43G  -
zroot/tmp                         512K  9.21G   512K  /tmp
zroot/var                         776M  9.21G   396M  /var
zroot/var@210219                  183M      -   527M  -
zroot/var@2-4-5p1-base           52.1M      -   409M  -
zroot/var@2-4-5-p1               61.5M      -   434M  -

The space used as it goes along is tiny. The upgrade to 2.5 that I ended up rolling back from only used about 900MB IIRC.

kevindd992002

Without doing manual snapshots, is there an advantage of using ZFS over the old UFS? I am on ZFS on a single SSD and I forgot what its advantage is when I posted here a few years ago.

Vollans

@kevindd992002 Better resilience if you have a crash. UFS has a horrid habit of collapsing in an unrecoverable heap, ZFS is far more likely to recover gracefully.

Qinn

@kevindd992002 said in PC Engines apu2 experiences:

Without doing manual snapshots, is there an advantage of using ZFS over the old UFS? I am on ZFS on a single SSD and I forgot what its advantage is when I posted here a few years ago.

....of course RAID with ZFS gives more redundancy, best is more disks using RAID. As the problem with a single disk and "copies" is the same as creating an mdadm raid-1 using two partitions of the same disk: you have data redundancy, but not disk redundancy, as disk failure will cause the loss of both data sets.

Comparing UFS with ZFS, well ZFS, like btrfs, is copy-on-write, so power surges are never a problem and ZFS requires a system with ECC memory (APU2 has this), otherwise you're still not 100% safeguarded against bit errors.

logan5247

@vollans Sorry to keep asking questions.

) If I snapshot zroot do I need to snapshot zroot/ROOT and zroot/ROOT/default? Does zroot not include everything else?

Let's say I did a snapshot, made a change, and successfully rolled back:

zfs rollback zroot/var@20210308
zfs rollback zroot/ROOT/default@20210308
zfs rollback zroot/ROOT@20210308
zfs rollback zroot@20210308
shutdown -r now

And now my zfs list looks like this (after the rollback):

NAME                          USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
zroot                         674M  12.4G    96K  /zroot
zroot@20210308                   0      -    96K  -
zroot/ROOT                    665M  12.4G    96K  none
zroot/ROOT@20210308              0      -    96K  -
zroot/ROOT/default            665M  12.4G   665M  /
zroot/ROOT/default@20210308   388K      -   665M  -
zroot/tmp                     144K  12.4G   144K  /tmp
zroot/var                    7.02M  12.4G  6.62M  /var
zroot/var@20210308            400K      -  6.62M  -

How do I know what set of filesystems I'm running on? Is there something like an "active" marker in zfs list?