Fixed.
It appears I've figured out what was causing this, but not exactly why it was causing it.
The two locations having this problem each use their own 4G router as a backup WAN (set as tier 2 in a failover group that the LAN points to), and the router is set to automatically reboot every Sunday morning. When I tested by initiating a reboot of the 4G router with a running ping to the remote LAN network, sure enough the tunnel stopped passing traffic about 30 seconds after beginning the reboot. This happened reliably when trying it for both locations. Once again, going into the remote firewall and restarting the OpenVPN client connection brought it back.
So now it's a curiousity why bouncing a tier 2 and not-currently-active WAN connection would break an OpenVPN tunnel.