The Cox Cable tech support folks position is that they are within the RFC 1918 rules with these addresses as they stay on the private Cox Cable system and are not passed to the Internet. There is some discussion of this use of 1918 addresses by Cox but Cox Cable isn't interested in buying a pile of v4 addresses to move the huge number of systems they have set up this way, maybe holding out for IPv6 to make it all go away. It would be a big help if they would at least publish the ranges they are currently using and ones they plan on expanding to so you could pick a safe range for your local network but they don't.
Cox Cable's 1918 use topic: http://www.dslreports.com/forum/r28510902-LA-Cox-routing-class-C-over-the-internet-
Inbound does work but Cox Cable gets really cranky if you use it for anything server related (www, ftp and other protocols) but so far haven't gotten unhappy about VNC. I can get a static IPv4 address for an rather steep additional price, just not worth it for my needs.
IPv6 is promised someday but is still in testing, has been at this stage for a couple years now. They are listing older IPv4 only modems as unsupported now although so that may either indicate some IPv6 progress or just be related to the DOCSIS 2 to 3 cable modem transition.
For now I use dyndns to get to my system from outside but with their new rules on activation being such a pain I'm about ready to just stuff my current IP into my personal domain's DNS and hope my home IP doesn't change at an unfortunate time. In four years it has changed once and that was when I moved from a DOCSIS 2 to 3 modem so next time I miss a dyndns activation I'm going to risk it.