I solved this by adding an additional interface directive in the DNS Resolver advanced options box. I confirmed that the running unbound config didn't include the wg interfaces and that's why it wasn't responding.
There's no "wireguard" in the Network Interfaces box of the DNS Resolver screen unless you create a Firewall interface based on the wg interface. I don't use ALL because I do not want some of my interfaces to have the option of using pfsense's unbound. Interestingly enough, the proper access-control directives did exist in the config already.
I added these lines and created a firewall rule allowing the wg subnet to access DNS on this IP.
server: interface: 172.27.80.1 interface: 172.27.80.1@853