You are asking the questions, but have this mentality of what the answers should be. The second post answered your original two questions perfectly. Now you are changing the details of the original questions, which ultimately changes the answers that you either do not like or do not understand.
If you are new to all this, which you said you were, I suggest reading up on what firewalls, content filtering, routers, and proxies really are first. After understanding what they are and what the limitations and capabilities are of each, you can then formulate better questions for which we can help.
Cheers.