All inter VLAN traffic will be routed by the Procurve 5412 which is our core switch which is working fine. Any traffic to the internet will be sent to the firewall which is pfsense.
If your traffic is simply being sent to pfSense from your core switch (which would mean it's all done at layer 3), you don't need to mess with VLANs at all on pfSense. VLANs are a layer 2 concept, and your switch is dealing with it. Set the default route on your switch to your pfSense address, leave all the VLAN stuff off on your VMWare box and within pfSense, and you should be fine.
I am running nearly the same thing (with a Brocade core), and only have to mess with VLANs in pfSense if my switch is not routing them. You will probably, however, want to set up a point-to-point connection between pfSense and your switch (just a /30 will suffice) to prevent pfSense from getting hit with unnecessary broadcast traffic.