I have the same question, I can't figure out how to edit the firewall rules for using an external separate transparent Squid machine :)
In the old fashion, there is a need for a prerouting, a postrouting and a forward rule. I have tried the same scenario as ndboost mentioned above, seems not to work.
P.S. i've tried this on pfsense 2.1
L.E. As I discovered on http://lukasz.cepowski.com/devlog/10,setup-squid-as-a-transparent-cache-proxy-for-lan, it seems that there is a bug with forwarding one port into another in the same lan subnet. And indeed I've checked the squid access log, and it was empty all the time (meaning it received no connections at all).
Following the guide on that page, i cannot follow it because port 80 is already used by other process, so I must find a new workaround (or setup a new computer … more energy consumed haha)