It's been a while so I thought I would update as I 'dealt' with this the night after posting.
The Datacenter (DC) manually configures their switch ports to 10baset full-duplex. Most of their customers that only need that amount of bandwidth put a managed switch in their rack, configure for the same, and off they go.
My NAS couldn't deal with this, and apparently neither could the SG-1000.
The other option from the DC is get a 10Mb link that's "burstable" to 100Mb. Basically the switch port is set to 100Mb and anything you use over 10Mbps is billable and measured at the 95th percentile.
Set up that way the SG-1000 get's a full-duplex 100Mb link no problem. So then I just set up traffic shaper with limiters on both the SG-1000 and the pfSense box on the source end to limit the traffic so that cumulatively the DC connection will never use more than 10Mbps. We're a month in and there are no overages and the backups are working perfectly.